Meaning of Life and Novel Grendel Essay

In the novel Grendel, John Gardner, through Grendel’s character, portrays the universal struggle all humans face to find meaning in life. Grendel, just like everyone else wants to find his meaning, and purpose. Though he struggles, Grendel is ultimately trying to find himself in all of the things that he does. Concept and Explanation Textual Support #1 People in their teenage years often experience a sense of isolation, and this is what Grendel is representing. He doesn’t understand why everyone else has companionship, while he is alone, which is showing his struggle to find out the meaning of his life. People always complain that â€Å"no one understands them† and in Grendel’s case, it’s literal, no one understands him. #1 â€Å"Why can’t I have someone to talk to? † I said. The stars said nothing, but I pretended to ignore the rudeness. â€Å"The Shaper has people to talk to,† I said. I wrung my fingers. â€Å"Hrothgar has people to talk to. † Pg. 53 #2 This quote shows Grendel asking his mom why they live where they do. He’s looking for answers, for a reason why they live there, and why they live the way they do. He might not be looking for a meaning to life, but he’s looking for a meaning for his way of life. He again, doesn’t understand why other things get to live in nicer ways, and in better places. Grendel is looking for a reason, as always. #2 â€Å"‘Why are we here? ’ I used to ask her. â€Å"Why do we stay in this putrid hole? ’† pg. 11 #3 This quote also shows Grendel trying to find meaning to life, or rather show his negativity towards it. He is stating that where you are a child, everything is good, but then you grow up and you have to realize the truth. Grendel is still trying to figure out his truth, and what his meaning really is. #3 â€Å"So childhood too feels good at first, before one happens to notice the terrible sameness, age after age. † Pg. 9 #4 This quote represents Grendel’s more nihilistic ways. He questions his own actions, and motives, showing that he is unsure. His answer to his own question is not even an answer. He says Hrothgar has not done anything to deserve it, but he also has not done anything to be exempt from him. Grendel, again, is searching for an answer why. #4 â€Å"How, if I know all this, you may ask, could I hound him–shatter him again and again.dive him deeper and deeper into woe? I have no answer, except perhaps this: why should I not? Has he made any move to deserve my kindness? † pg. 122 #5 When people find something they’re good at, they refer to it as their â€Å"calling. † Well, this quote represents Grendel finding his calling. He is finally stating that he has an identity and purpose that is unique. This is the first time Grendel feels he actually has a place, and his life has meaning, which elates him. #5 â€Å"I was Grendel, Ruiner of Meadhalls, Wrecker of Kings! † pg. 80.

Historical Context of the Remakes of The Phantom of the Opera Essay

The Phantom of the Opera has undergone subsequent remakes. This Hollywood film has undergone numerous remakes at different historical moments throughout the world. In Hollywood and the United Kingdom, it has spawned more than ten film and TV versions that differ significantly in selecting the settings for the horror-romance [Paris, New York and London] in accounting for the phantom’s disfiguration, in portraying the opera understudy, as well as Christine’s attitude toward the phantom. However, they all follow the male phantom-teacher and female opera-student structure so that heterosexual desire [manifested in two men’s competition for a woman] remains the prime move of the plot. My focus in this essay is Andrew Lloyd Webber’s version of the aforementioned text. My emphasis in this text will be how the phantom [including his image and voice] is represented within the film technology available at that time [in contradistinction to the manner in which the phantom’s image and voice is represented in different versions of the aforementioned text]. My working hypothesis is that since the phantom, by definition, exceeds visual representation in the silent and the sound versions, his voice, as a singer and a music teacher, emerges a primary site for representation and signification. To explore the representation and the significance of the phantom’s voice, I will focus on (1) how the phantom-teacher relates to his student through voice as well as visage, (2) how the teacher-student relationship differ from film to film [from Schumacher’s film in contradistinction to the other version of the film], (3) and how to read these relationships in allegorical terms, or in relation to their respective material-historical conditions. The last question leads me to map the teacher-student relationship onto the tension between an â€Å"original† film and its remake(s). In the end this paper will demonstrates the manner in which each remake strategizes its position vis-a-vis a historical moment and a prior film text hence it follows from this that each remake [specifically Schumacher’s remake] should not be subsumed into an echoing tradition in the corridor of the history. I start with the representation of phantom’s voice and its interplay with the shadow. The aural-visual dimension is crucial for our understanding of the issue of subaltern film remaking, which is ultimately an issue of power circulation and distribution. In the film diegeses, the phantom holds power over the student and other people for two reasons: (1) he eludes audio-visual representation and (2) he assumes the empowered teacher position. The 1925 version of The Phantom of the Opera centered upon the triangular tension between Erik, The Phantom (Lon Chaney); Christine (Mary Philbin), an understudy in the Paris Opera House whom the phantom has trained and elevated to the diva position; and Raoul (Norman Kerry), Christine’s fiance. As indicated above, the phantom, by definition, exceeds direct visual coding. The problematic of representation is further compounded by the fact that the film, being silent [that being the 1925 version], cannot represent the phantom’s voice except through the theatre orchestra’s performance. This means that the voice and other diegetic sounds the audience hear do not [seem to] emit from the screen. This representational dilemma is alleviated through the use of shadow [an image that signifies the fusion of absence and presence, thus most appropriate for the phantom figure]. More specifically, this silent film mobilizes venues of representation before Christine sees the phantom. The first is the shadow, proffered exclusively to the audience who, according to Michel Chion, is â€Å"deaf† and cannot hear the phantom’s voice (Chion 7). The other, the phantom’s â€Å"angelic voice,† is heard only by Christine and other characters. The differentiated knowledge distribution leads to two modes of spectatorship, one being exclusively visual, and the other exclusively aural. In both cases, the phantom is omnipotent when remaining a mere shadow or a disembodied voice (Chion 19). When lodged in a physical body, a process the power is lost. This takes place in The Phantom of the Opera when Christine’s fascination with the acousmatic phantom turns into dread and disgust once the voice is embodied in a visual image [i. e. , the skull head that she has unmasked]. Thus, the phantom’s deacousmatization depletes his magic power over Christine. Not only does his horrendous visage drive Christine to cover her face [which may implicitly mirror a female viewer’s typical response to a horror film]. It also forces the phantom himself to cover his face. The implication is that to maintain his power, he has to remain invisible. In the same manner, for a horror film to remain horrific, it must not be seen in unobstructed view. As Dennis Giles observes, the more [the viewer] stares, the more the terror will dissipate†¦ to the extent that the image of full horror will be revealed (unveiled) as more constructed, more artificial, more a fantasy, more a fiction than the fiction which prepares and exhibits it. To look the horror in the face for very long robs it of its power. (48) By covering his face, the phantom symbolizes the horror film’s attempt to block the viewer’s vision. In other words, the power of the phantom, and by extension, of the horror film, consists in deprivation of visual representation. The problematic of representing a phantom in a silent film thus finds resolution in a paradox, namely, the possibility and effectiveness of representation consists precisely in a lack of direct visual representation. Acousmetre is also crucial for maintaining the teacher student relationship. Once deacousmatized, this relationship comes to an end, which in turn de-legitimizes the phantom’s proposal to Christine. After a long sequence of suspense, sound and fury, during which Christine is salvaged from the Opera House’s underground catacomb, while the phantom chased to a dead end, the film [initial version of the film] closes with a double shot of Christine happily married with her aristocratic fiance. Instead of a beauty and the beast story, in which the beast is transformed into a handsome nobleman by the beauty’s kiss, the monster in this film remains a monster and the opera actress gets punished for her scopic and epistemological drive [a â€Å"monstrous† transgression she must redeem by betraying the monster] returning to humanity [defined as white heterosexual normality] and succumbing to a domesticating marriage. The containment of the female deviancy is built into the film producer’s plan to reinforce what they perceive as the audience’s wish: â€Å"a movie about the love life of Christine Daae† (MacQueen 40). The film thus ends with a triumph of a bourgeois fantasy premised on the domestication of women, and the destruction of the monster. Joel Schumacher’s remake of the original Phantom of the Opera, did not come as a surprise, given the frequent practice of borrowing and adapting at the time. Schumacher’s version retains the powerful phantom figure whose self-de-acousmatization again successfully captivates the student, Christine. Nevertheless, it also displays far more intense interactions between the phantom-teacher and the singer-student. Briefly speaking, their relationship goes through four successive steps: ventriloquism, reverse ventriloquism or excessive mimesis, performative reiteration, and finally, the Benjaminian â€Å"afterlife† [which delineate Christine’s gradual usurpation of the phantom’s power while also contributing to the dialectical image provided by the phantom-teacher and singer-student relationship]. The phantom begins with ventriloquizing Christine’s in the latter’s reenactment of the former’s masterpiece, now titled â€Å"Romeo and Juliet,† replacing â€Å"Hot Blood† in Song at Midnight. During the performance, Christine falters at a tenor note, but is undetected by the theatre audience, thanks to the phantom’s backstage â€Å"dubbing,† visually represented through cutaways. The camera first holds on Christine’s bending over the dead â€Å"Juliet† then closes up on his slightly opened mouth and bewilderment, and subsequently following Christine’s puzzled look, cuts to the cloaked phantom in profile, hidden behind a window curtain in the backstage, emotionally singing out the tenor notes. Cutting from the front stage to the back stage area also echoes. In the aforementioned scene, it is important to note that the moment of ventriloquism gradually gives way to Christine’s agency. Indeed, Christine’s centrality in the film is evidenced in the predominance of the perspective shots that mediate the off-screen audience’s knowledge and sensorial experiences. This viewing structure contrasts sharply with The Phantom of the Opera’s 1925 version. Whereas Christine deacousmatizes the phantom, the audience actually sees the disfigured face before she does. Similarly, Christine’s knowledge [regarding the phantom] is one step behind that of the audience who hear the phantom’s midnight singing and see an enlarged shadow cast on the wall at the opening of the film after the initial portrayal of the opera house’s condition after the fire. The contrast between the two aforementioned versions of The Phantom of the Opera suggests two different ways of constructing history. One is to hide away the past [embodied by the phantom] that has transformed beyond recognition so as to reproduce its old, familiar image in a present medium, or the student. The other is to acknowledge what the past has become, in order to re-suture it into the present without reducing the present into a mere mirror image of the past. Thus, Christine’s agency and the Phantom’s revival become interdependent. The teacher-student hierarchy, as argued previously, is analogous with the hierarchy between the master and the slave. Furthermore, it can also be mapped onto the tension-ridden relationship between a film and its remake(s). These interconnected, parallel relationships allow us to situate the cultural production of a film in a dynamic socio-political field (Gilloch 17). Following Gerard Genette’s definition of â€Å"hypertextuality,† which designates that a hypertext both overlays and evokes an anterior text, or hypotext (Genette 5), I argue that a remake occupies the student position, and that its very existence testifies to and evokes its â€Å"teacher† or â€Å"predecessor. As a form of cinematic doubling, how the â€Å"student† film situates itself vis-a-vis the â€Å"teacher† and its own historical moment determines possibilities of remaking (Smith 56). The major divergences between the two versions of The Phantom of the Opera mentioned above suggest two diametrically opposite agendas. Whereas the former prioritizes domesticating and suturing women into white-oriented heterosexuality, the latter historicizes and politicizes the hetero-erotic relationship between the teacher and student. There are several ways in which one may understand the aforementioned divergence. It is important to note that the text adapted by Schumacher for the construction of his version of the aforementioned film is in itself a divergence from the original. In comparison to Lon Channey’s version of the aforementioned film [which is an adaptation itself], Schumacher’s version discarded most of the horror version aspects which have been associated with the film [as well as the original text by Leroux]. Examples of these are evident if one considers Schumacher’s choice for the depiction of the phantom himself [as a disfigured individual as opposed to a skull hiding behind a mask]. In a way there are several ways in which such a depiction [the change of depiction] may be understood. Initially, one may state that such a shift stems as a result of the shift from the operatic version of the film as opposed to the â€Å"Beauty and the Beast† theme associated with the film. Second, in line with the initial claim of this paper, one may understand the shift [in terms of the phantom’s depiction] as a means of mirroring the historical conditions of the film’s production. The process of mirroring the initial work as a means of showing the teacher-student relationship [in relation to the silent film version and Schumacher’s version] may be understood as a means of employing the manner in which the student has transcended the master to the extent that such a transcendence enabled the initial freedom from the heterosexual archetypal relationships which enables the submission of the female to the norm [that being the norm of female submission towards the male]. It may indeed be argued that Schumacher’s version also enabled such a submission since Christine chose Raoul over the phantom. It is important to note, however, that such a choice may be understood differently in relation to the original silent film adaptation of the aforementioned text. Note for example the depiction [as well as the characterization] of the phantom in the initial version of the film. As was noted at the onset of the paper, the depiction of the phantom in the initial version [silent film version] presented a horrible figure [i. e. a skull for a face]. Such a presentation may be understood, in such a way, that the phantom is presented as the depiction of the deviance resulting from the inability to adhere to the norm. Deviance from the norm, in this sense, may be seen [and in fact understood] as a horrible act itself. Schumacher’s version [with its depiction of the phantom as figure with a face [a handsome one in fact despite its minor deformities] may be seen as mirroring the manner in which deviance from the norm [that of the adherence to the heterosexual and in a sense highly patriarchal relationship] is more acceptable within the current context of the film’s production (McQueen . Schumacher’s version begins with a reel from the 1919 occurrence at the Opera Populaire wherein the old Raoul is depicted as buying knickknacks that serve as the reminder of the occurrences that led to the aforementioned opera’s demise. What follow this scene is a reconstruction of the Opera Populaire resulting from the flashback of memories to those who where in it during 1819 thereby providing the spectator with the truth behind the masked lives of those who lived within the opera at that time. What is interesting to note in Schumacher’s version [in relation to the reconfiguration or rather redepiction of the phantom] is the manner in which one is now given a new manner of understanding the means in which Christine gains her agency. In fact, agency in Schumacher’s version of the film is depicted as a manner of choice and not as mere adherence to a prescribed norm [in comparison to the original adaption of Webber’s text]. Dramatically, the story hinges on a series of conflicts which continually redefine Christine’s position in relation to her surroundings [as well as to the individuals around her]. Webber’s version [as adapted by Schumacher] depicted this process through a series of musical themes, motifs, and textures which portray the development of characters, attitudes, and emotions. Note that the materials in each of the musical themes and motifs are rarely modified except through instances of fragmentation. Although fragmentation occurs, it is interesting to note that when considered together, these musical themes literally play out the drama involved within the play (Snelson 110). In summary, in this paper I argued that the â€Å"teacher† text does not simply crumble when the â€Å"student† text arises in resistance, but rather experiences a revival. This is because the remake cannot fulfil itself without simultaneously evoking [not â€Å"imitating†] the â€Å"afterlife† crystallized in its textual â€Å"predecessor† (Mignolo 112). A film remake re-presents its â€Å"hypotext† not by turning itself into a submissive double, which simply reifies the â€Å"hypotext,† but rather by revalorizing the unique historical position of the â€Å"hypotext,† paradoxically achieved by the remake’s stress on its own distinction. In this sense, the various adaptations of Webber’s The Phantom of the Opera may be understood in such a way that both versions [that stand in a teacher-student relationship] present a challenge of the archetypal heterosexual relationships which stand as the pervading theme of the various versions of Webber’s The Phantom of the Opera.

Othello, Macbeth, Hamlet Essay

Among Shakespeare’s tragedies Othello, Hamlet, and Macbeth, the decision about which is best written ultimately needs to be decided according to the virtues of the plot, characterization, and the language. The three plays have very strong points. While Macbeth is extraordinary in Shakespeare’s use of language, its plot is also intricate and interesting. Othello stands out in the area of characterization, while Hamlet stands out in its language. However, when all areas of assessment are considered, Macbeth does appear to dominate as the best written of the three plays. Othello does possess a very strong and deeply intricate character in the villain Iago. Shakespeare displays his highly refined skill in the manner in which he infuses Iago with evil. Iago is the definitive two-faced traitor, as he feigns the most iron-clad friendship with his lord Othello, while harboring the most potent resentment against him. Shakespeare creates a masterpiece in this character because he achieves an effect in which Iago almost becomes evil incarnate. The poignant hatred represented in all his speeches and actions highlights the play as one of Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies. However, the play does have a weakness that is fatal to its position. Its plot, though given strong impetus by the avenging cruelty and hatred of Iago, gains its momentum from what seems to be an impotent plan. Othello implicates his wife Desdemona of adultery merely because her handkerchief is â€Å"found† in Cassio’s room—evidence that amounts almost to nothing. The weakness of this link from Iago’s hatred to his ruin of Othello is too great for the play to be considered the best of Shakespeare’s tragedies. The tragedy of Hamlet excels in the language that Shakespeare uses to express the inner thoughts and confusions of the characters. Hamlet’s speeches represent a masterpiece of insight into the human soul as it processes pain and loss. The famous â€Å"to be or not to be† speech is so highly regarded because it probes the mind of a man who is so deeply affected by his father’s murder and mother’s betrayal that he mentally wrestles with death: â€Å"To die to sleep, to sleep perchance to dream; ay, there’s the rub. For in that sleep of death, what dreams may come, when we have shuffled off this mortal coil must give us pause† (III. i. 73-77). The metaphorical mingling of sleep and death is a figurative achievement, and the expression of indecision as Hamlet lingers at the horizon of death gives the play a literary and lyrical edge. Still, this play has plot problems as well. It seems to drag on with Hamlet’s constant indecision and his antic disposition. His relationship with Ophelia is nebulous, yet its complications are not well expressed, but muddled and almost incoherent. The end in which Ophelia and all the family die leaving Fortinbras to assume the throne is unsatisfying at the very least. These problems cause Hamlet also to be prevented in the final analysis from being considered Shakespeare’s greatest tragedy. Macbeth, like Hamlet, boasts very well written and poetic lines. The expression of the guilt that Macbeth feels after committing his murderous act is expressed in all its detail and rondure. In addition, it also possesses depth and expression of character that is unexcelled in any of Shakespeare’s other works. Lady Macbeth rivals Iago in her capacity for evil—yet hers stems from nothing as petty as revenge. She seeks to exalt her husband’s position in an almost self-sacrificial effort to promote him. She shows clarity and decisiveness in a way that Hamlet does not, as she carries out her intention with no alloy of fear or hesitancy. In addition to the beauty of the language and the depth of characterization, Macbeth’s plot (though in some ways fantastical) carries itself naturally toward the end that it is given. Nothing appears contrived. The hubris that Macbeth assumes at the behest of the witches and Lady Macbeth propels him gradually and naturally toward his murder of King Duncan and eventually toward his death at the hand of Macduff. The combination of excellences in the three areas of plot, characterization, and language tips the scale in favour of Macbeth as the greatest tragedy written by William Shakespeare.

Top Ten Countries Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Top Ten Countries - Research Paper Example Our management team found that none of the ten most populous countries are included in the list of the top ten countries for population growth. Indeed, China is in 152nd place for population growth, while India takes 86th place. The United States is 114th; Indonesia is 111th; Brazil is 104th; Pakistan is 75th; Bangladesh is 76th; Nigeria is 59th; Russia is 223rd; and Japan is 215th (Central Intelligence Agency, 2002). The top ten countries for population growth are (in descending order): Zimbabwe, Niger, Uganda, Turks and Caicos Islands, Burundi, United Arab Emirates, Gaza Strip, Ethiopia, Western Sahara, Burkina Faso (Central Intelligence Agency, 2002). Zimbabwe is 72nd in population; Niger is 62nd; Uganda is 36th; Turks and Caicos Islands is 209th; Burundi is 81st; United Arab Emirates is 114th; Gaza Strip is 149th; Ethiopia is 13th; Western Sahara is 170th; and Burkina Faso is 61st (Central Intelligence Agency, 2011).

Government Spending Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Government Spending - Assignment Example imperative to note that that figure ($700 billion) is strictly what was committed in 2008 to curb the financial crisis since the New York Tines (1) details a further $12.2 trillion committed by the government by 2011. Therefore, the amount spent on TARP was $475 billion, Bailouts $11 trillion and QE $787 billion as reported by the Treasury Department (1). According to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB 1), federal spending on private-sector contractors in the fiscal year 2012 was 14% of the federal budget and was slightly below $307 billion. Further, the OMB stated that the spending exceeded that spent on federal contract spending on procurement of goods. According to CNN, this is because there is a push to cut down on federal spending and getting rid of a bloated government, which has trickled down to the private sector (Shahadi 1). As explained by the OMB, the 10 years preceding 2012 saw the cost of service contracts increase by 44% to the current figure. As of September 30 2013, the total value of unclassified US government procurement contracts dropped from the previous fiscal year’s $512 billion to $456 billion (Salant & Kathleen 1). This figure includes all procurements through free trade agreements, also refered to as FTAs. Although no explicit information is available on the budget allocation to the Department of Defense and other classified contracts, finding by the Bloomberg Industries indicate that this total budget featured an allocation cut of $22.3 billion to the Pentagon (Salant & Kathleen 1). The overall decline in government spending for the fiscal year ending September 30 2013 marked the fourth consecutive year of cuts in government spending since 1989. A report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) put the cost incurred by governments around the world after the 2008 financial crises at $11.9 trillion (Conway 1). By the time this estimate was made, it was equivalent one fifth of the economic output of the entire world and entailed

Managerial theories and behaviour or What are the building stones for Dissertation

Managerial theories and behaviour or What are the building stones for a succesful manager - Dissertation Example Thus, managers should be highly capable of responding to various role expectations and behaviors for them to accomplish managerial effectiveness (MacMahon and Murphy, 1999). Change is a permanent feature of contemporary workplaces. The occurrence of change has become a great challenge for companies in achieving long-term success and survival, thus, the need for highly capable and competent managers. To efficiently and effectively select managers who are competent enough to face organizational issues can be one of the most important measures that a company can take in responding to changing environments. This may be carried out by continuously enhancing their skills and knowledge to keep up with the rapid pace of change (Martynov, 2010). Essentially, while organizations ensure that the most competent employees are recruited and trained, developmental efforts are constantly done to further enhance the effectiveness and overall quality of their managerial workforce. Managerial effective ness has been described through various perspectives during the past years as many have attempted to generate a single definition for this concept. In the hotel industry, successful managers possess a wide range of skills together with specialized knowledge, all of which are directed towards accomplishing enterprise objectives. Various studies have reported that managers who work in the hotel industry should demonstrate an accommodating attitude and be aware of hospitality systems; completely understand service quality; be capable of evaluating the quality of work to continuously provide satisfactory services; be able to create a dynamic work environment; establish open and strong interpersonal communications with other organizational members; be capable of assessing situations and developing cost-effective strategies to increase profits; control ambiguous circumstances, and effectively manage operations (Soehanovic, Zougaj, Krizoman, and Glavica, 2000). Generally, hotel managers ar e expected to create favorable relationships with employees and guests while running productive operations and achieving organizational goals. The current study, therefore, focuses on the necessary skills and behaviors of managers in the hotel industry in order to accomplish managerial effectiveness and lead their businesses to success. The framework applied in the work of Chauhan, Dhar, and Pathak (2005), emphasizing managerial effectiveness through functional and personal effectiveness, will be used in the current research. Research Aims and Objectives Acknowledging the vital role that managers play in organizations, the current study aims to address the following objectives: 1. To understand managerial effectiveness and its impact on the entire organization. 2. To identify the most important skills and attributes that managers should possess in order to cope with various organizational concerns. 3. To examine the current managerial practices and behaviors in the hotel industry an d their effects on organizational outcomes. Significance of the Study The hotel industry is faced with a variety of challenges that need to be effectively addressed to ensure the satisfaction of customers, retention of capable employees, and long-term success of the businesses. The current study can help contribute to management literature by identifying effective managerial behaviors that can allow organizational

(GC Instrument Experiment) Determination of Ethanol Concentration in Lab Report - 1

(GC Instrument Experiment) Determination of Ethanol Concentration in Biological Fluids using Gas Chromatography - Lab Report Example the way it is been publicized by media and entertainment industry to this group of audience increases peer pressure and they end up consuming alcohol and drugs to a level that can be extremely dangerous for their health (Strasburger, 2010). The program aims to provide information about the disadvantages associated with consumption of alcohol and drugs. Although schools, parents and governments are trying to get the children as well as the adolescents to say no to drugs, there drugs and alcohol worth $25 billion are present in the market which are influencing them to say yes. This program aims to make the clients understand that the movies and television programs are using and promoting way too much substance use; however it is based on consumer’s own will power to not let them affect it. The program also aims to provide counseling to clients who are addicted to this unhealthy and destructive habit. We will be targeting the teenagers and adolescence ranging from the age of 12 to 18. This program will be launched in Washington DC only. The reason behind selecting this age group is because they easily get influence by anything that they find attractive, including drugs. The people belonging to this age group make the highest part of the television audience. This is the main reason why most of the television shows, movies and advertisements and made to target this age group. These teenagers form the age group that easily gets influenced by the drug and alcohol use being promoted by the media. Therefore it is important to target this age group and stop the use and abuse of alcohol and drugs among them. The purpose of this promotion is to increase the awareness of the program by different means and influence more and more suffering teenagers to come to us for counseling. The program is being funded by some non-profit organization and will therefore be free of cost. Another reason behind the promotion of this program is to collect funds and charities for spending on

AP - Art History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

AP - Art History - Essay Example At that time, numerous scientific explanations were being discovered to explain phenomenal and to achieve this, philosophers and scientist fancied a unity spirit of humanity approach. (Porter 212). This piece of art was created by Albrecht DÃ ¼rer who was a German and he lived between 1471 and 1528. He produced this work in 1504 to represent Adam and Eve. In the picture, it is seen that Eve is convincing Adam to take the fruit given to her earlier by the snake, a forbidden fruit. That was where the fall of man originated. It is also seen that they are in a forest setup, which may be in Germany. Albrecht DÃ ¼rer is German born and in this piece of art, he never intended to emphasis on the Biblical story of Adam and Eve. In the picture there are other symbolic representations, which exemplify humanity perspective toward nature. They include phlegmatic for ox, phlegm, choleric for cat, yellow bile, and sanguine for rabbit. Further, this shows that the environmental setup of the artist upholds a cordial coexistence with animals, which also implicate Italian Renaissance (Porter 218). Arte di Calimala is the patron behind this piece of art produced by Ghiberti that is thought to have been carved around 1401-2 using bronze. This sculpture was produced by the patron for a competition on a religious story. The patron won the competition and was given a contract to make the door for both the North and East entrances. In the sculpture, the patron had interest in creating an illusion space for his relief. The objective of the competition was to provide a communicating piece of art on the old for adoption for the north entrance know as paradise. (Porter

The Cuban Missile Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Cuban Missile Crisis - Essay Example During 1962, the President of Soviet Union was repeatedly accused of creating a missile gap between the US and Soviet Union. At that point of time, Soviet Union was desperately behind the US in terms of balancing the power of armed forces. It felt insecure as its missiles could only be utilized against Europe, whereas US missiles were able to assault the entire Soviet Union. Furthermore, Cuba also feared about an assault from the US army. Cuba was also searching for a way to defend the island from US attack. Due to these reasons, Soviet chief conceived the idea of positioning missiles in Cuba. In order to defend the island, Cuba had approved the plan of Soviet Union to position missiles in the island. This missile positioning strategy in Cuba was intended to enhance the strategic resources and to restrict the possibility of the US threat on Cuba as well as Soviet Union. This was the build-up of a grave missile crisis in Cuba between two global superpowers2. In the US, the crisis started when satellite images exposed Soviet missiles under installation in Cuba. As the US forces scrutinized transportation activities in Cuba, gossips started to flow in Washington. Through the investigation, the US had revealed the presence of defensive missiles in Cuba. Although Soviet Union allegedly declared that there were no invasive missiles in Cuba, US had discovered the existence of missiles in Cuba. This situation resulted in intense arguments within top levels of governments. During the Cuba missile crisis, tensions started to generate from both sides3. Considering the situation, the US had asserted that any kind of nuclear launch from Cuba would be termed as an attack on the US by Soviet Union and consequently it could start a new nuclear war. In the meantime, the US had also directed Soviet Union to eliminate all the offensive missiles from Cuba. One of the most precarious moments of the crisis occurred when the US destroyers were forced to isol ate Cuba4. A

Discussion Board Post Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 36

Discussion Board Post Response - Essay Example t refreezing, in the context of your planned change, can be achieved through trainings with an intention of facilitation comprehension of the importance of the planned change. As explicated by McMurray et al (2009), such an approach would reduce fragmentation and hence facilitate adoption of a patient-centered approach to care. In doing so, patient-centered approaches will be adopted and subsequently absorbed within your organization. Jacqueline, I agree with your discussion particularly your observation that asking the right questions during evaluation will establish the practicability of the planed change. In my organization for instance, asking assessing the costs of the planed change helps establish the adequacy of available resources. I also agree that stability can be achieved through refreezing. Dr. Carol Huston (2013e) elucidates refreezing as a process involving adoption of the implemented changes as the norm or their absorption into organizational culture. Viewing change of implemented processes as part of the organizational culture ensures consistency and in doing so, stability is achieved. Dr. Carol Huston (2013e) also posits that evaluation should be a continuous and cyclic process. In this viewpoint, I agree with your observation that evaluation should be

Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Narrative - Essay Example Federal agents had introduced regulations that required every constitutional district to provide a given number of men to join the federal government troops. Although we had skirmishes in other parts, the New York unrests were the most publicized due to the magnitude of the protests. The rioters were overwhelmingly working class men, angered by the selective application of the draft because wealthy men could pay a $300 communication fee to exclude them from its reach (Civil War Society). Initially, the riots stemmed from an expression of anger at the law but later degraded into virtual racial pogrom. Blacks turned out to be the fall guys and the primary target of the protesters. Immigrants and the poor were for the opinion that the freed slaves (blacks) posed a threat to the already crowded job market. The rioters considered the blacks as the cause of the civil war and those who were unfortunate to come into contact with the rioters, faced the risk of encountering a harsh beating, torture and /or death. According to the Civil War Society, group of 400 rioters cornered a black man and stoned, whipped and hanged him on a tree before setting a blaze on him. In another incident, the police intervened early enough to prevent children in an orphanage from an attack by the marauding crowd. According to the Civil War Society, the conditions in the city were disastrous such that Major General John E. Wool, proposed imposition of martial law though he did not have the power to enforce it. Having sent its militia to assist the Union troops in Pennsylvania, New York remained with the police as the only law enforcement agents. Following the unrests, Police Superintendent John Alexander Kennedy came to assess the situation while in civilian clothes. Unfortunately, the crowd noticed him and immediately attacked him living the Police Superintendent to be seriously wounded and nearly unconscious. In response to that incident, the police came angered like wounded lions, to

Final Strategic Plan Essay Example for Free

Final Strategic Plan Essay Everyone wants to have a delicious meal that will not cost them a lot of money. There are many restaurants that try to sell you their services. Greg’s Family Restaurant is a restaurant which will provide a wholesome nutritious meal and great customer service for all our patrons. Mission Statement The mission of Greg’s restaurant is to provide wholesome meals at unbelievable prices the competition cannot compare. Our restaurant is to provide customers the service each and every one of them want and deserve. We will provide this type of service with the technology that is available to us as a business. With this technology we provide our customers with great service and delicious meals at an unbelievable price. We will become the best restaurant in the area that provides our customers with Mexican, Afro-American cuisine. The employees of Greg’s restaurant will be like family. Organization Vision Vision is the strategic planning of a company to achieving its goals. â€Å"A vision statement presents the firm’s strategic intent that focuses the energies and resources of the company on achieving a desirable future† (Pearce Robinson, 2009, p37). The aim for Greg’s restaurant is to in the next 2-4 years to be above and beyond the competition and to expand the business to other areas within the city. The future planning of the restaurant is to come up with menu items that will continue to help the business to prosper. Guiding principles: Culture, social responsibility, and ethics Greg’s restaurant is following many values and cultures according to the needs of customers. The menu items of the restaurant represent different cultures that can attract customers of different nationalities and societies. Greg’s restaurant is multi- cultural and offers a wide variety of menu items that everyone can enjoy. Greg’s restaurant gives priority to the values of honesty and integrity in full support of their valued patrons. The restaurant also offers specials throughout the week and also issues coupons to get half off on certain menu items. The business is using products that are environmentally friendly and to help protect the environment and health of the community. The vision, mission, and values statement of the restaurant will provide the framework, structure and the company’s goal. The vision is the end goal the restaurant wants to achieve whereas the mission and the values will provide the business with the everyday activities the business already performs and also the structure and framework for the strategic plan for the business. The business will address customer needs by providing good service and meals to each and every patron that enters the establishment. All customers will get the same fresh meal the first customer to the last customer. The staff will act in a professional manner and provide great customer service and our suppliers along with the restaurant will serve the freshest ingredients available. Organization Strategic Direction Without strategic direction the business will not be able to accomplish its mission or vision. So it is very important that a company has a strategic direction for the implementation of its mission and vision. Strategic direction is defined as strategies made by a business or company to fulfill its mission. Strategic direction helps the owner and employees to know what is needed or required to achieve the mission of the company. Customer needs and competitive advantage At Greg’s restaurant it is important for the business to provide a relaxed comfortable atmosphere to the customers so they can like at home. At Greg’s restaurant there has been mechanisms added to provide the customers with the necessary seating and waiting areas to help them feel more comfortable at the restaurant. It is also a positive direction the company has taken is there is no priority of any culture or religion to dine at the restaurant. Honesty is a key element that we strive when dealing with patrons. Strategy planning helps the company review the mission and vision and to make sure that the company is headed in the right direction on achieving the goals. The future planning and vision of the restaurant has an impact on the restaurant strategy and it could impact the way the business will do over the next few years. The business has to utilize its vision and mission statements to make new decisions or to improve on the decisions it makes about the future of th e business and what is going to benefit the business. SWOTT Analysis In the restaurant business and by being new to the industry which is very competitive a SWOTT analysis plays a key role and is needed for a business to succeed. Greg’s Family Restaurant sets itself apart from other restaurants by servicing their customers with excellent customer service and meals. When analyzing a business one has to look at the internal and external factors that affect the company. A SWOTT analysis provides a breakdown of all these factors even factors that could affect a business internally and externally. SWOTT analysis is a tool a company uses in forming a strategic plan. It is the most effective tool a company uses to determine and uses for a strategic plan. SWOTT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats, and Trends a company must face. Business can use SWOTT as a tool to create and overview of the organization strategic situation. (Pearce Robinson, 2009). For a new establishment like Greg’s Restaurant a SWOTT analysis is necessary to establish and compare where it is in a competitive market. When operating any type of business preparation is a key element: looking into as many potential options as possible is a must to prevent the company from profit loss along with the shareholders but in this case it is Greg’s stakeholders at risk. By eliminating all possible threats and creating opportunities with limited financial resources and concentrating on the long- term goal is the key to the success of the business and the future. SWOTT provides basic framework for business existing or new. More opportunities can be created by eliminating various weaknesses. External forces which are opportunities, threats, and trends are sets of uncontrollable factors the restaurant face and must overcome to succeed in the restaurant business. After conducting a SWOTT analysis legal and regulatory, economic, technology, Global and social trends were found external forces that need to be addressed. Legal and Regulatory Because of the external forces of opening a new restaurant or possible refitting and exiting building you will have to deal with the zoning laws. Restaurants need licenses and permits to operate or a food service establishment permit, alcohol license and food safety permit. Food safety health codes vary from state to state but restaurant businesses have to abide by the rules and laws that are put forth. The rules and regulations are to help protect the consumers and business. Economic Information regarding to products, services, tools, technology, and suppliers will compromise the economic environment of the restaurant. In 2001 California restaurants are projected to register 63.8 billion in sales, every $1 spent generates additional $1.19 in sales for the state economy. In 2010 there were 62, 794 eating and drinking places in California; every extra $1 million spent in California’s restaurants generates an additional 23.8 jobs in the state. In 2012 California restaurants employ 1,445,000 people (www.restaurant.org). Macroeconomics is very sluggish at this point in time. Inflation is at a high and banks are increasing interest rates. People are not spending as they did in the past they are more frugal with their finances. With the housing market in a slump, unemployment on the rise and with energy prices on the rise it is giving the restaurant industry a hard time. Changing labor conditions and cost is affecting smaller family type restaurants to eventually lose their business. Globalization Globalization shows opportunity for Greg’s restaurant to expand outside the United States. Forming a Limited Liability Company (LLC) it protects your personal assets from any liability the business incurs. If the owner plans on setting up a restaurant in different locations have separate LLC for the location. Social Socially people love to meet, dine, and have a drink and fun. But given the economic conditions of today it is hard for people to dine like they once did in the past. People are also concern about eating healthy and given the increase of a lot of food recalls in the past. Social media is also playing a big role in the marketing aspect of the restaurant industry. Technology Technology in the restaurant industry is very vital to the everyday operation. There is software available to track inventory, supplier orders, and to manage food orders. Technology is being developed every day to improve the way restaurants do business. Managers are no in more control of their staff with remote monitoring systems. Internal forces are more controllable factors a business can use to improve the operation and its path to success. After conducting an internal evaluation these were the factors the business came up with that is logical: strategy, strategic capabilities, and structures. Strategy In order for the restaurant to grow and expand a strategy has to be designed to which the business should offer products and services which customers could not receive from anywhere else. As far as strategizing the restaurant has the use of resource control which is key i.e. (operations, finance, supplies, and manpower). Strategic Capabilities Strategic capabilities play a big part in the restaurant industry. A business can create its own uniqueness through its marketing and strategic capabilities. A well- organized supply chain, a well trained staff, and a competent management team are strategic capabilities that will help the restaurant to fulfill its vision. The business also needs to consider its ability to manage working capital, expecting manpower issues and customer expectations and the ability to think ahead of the competition. As the industry changes over a period of time the threats and opportunities the restaurant will face the strategies and model of the business will have to adapt to these changes to meet the needs of the customers. It is very critical management focuses and maintain a product mix that works well for the business. The restaurant should position itself to reach specific demographic groups. Issues and Opportunities As mentioned in internal forces issues that are apparent is the lack of interactions between the employees. With these issues it allows opportunity to create meetings between employees and management. These meetings will allow staff to feel they belong and part of the family. It also allows employees to express what is working and not working for the business and what need improvement since the staff are the ones interacting with the customers. Balance Scorecard To develop a Greg’s Family Restaurant a balance scorecard is essential. It is key component for defining the goals and targets of a business as well as the mission vision and SWOTT analysis. A balanced scorecard is, â€Å"A set of four measures directly linked to a company’s strategy: financial performance, customer knowledge, internal business processes, and learning and growth† (Pearce Robinson, 2009, p. 202). Financial Perspective/ Shareholder Value A well thought out vision and mission statement will facilitate the restaurant to achieve its target. The restaurants objectives are to increase the performance of the restaurant. The responsibility of the restaurant is to seek its customer satisfaction. Increase revenue, and also achieve financial stability. Customer Value Perspective Customers determine the success of the business. The ups and downs of the restaurants as well as the delivery of the services the business provides relates to the customers satisfaction. The more the customers are satisfied the better the business will do to attract more customers. Process/Internal Operations Perspective Strategic planning is very effective to give a nutritious meal to customers. This should be done in accordance with the customer needs. The most important thing is to determine the purpose and intentions of the strategy, because this will help the business towards its goals. The restaurant should set its goals and the path while keeping in minds the values and interest of the patrons. Customer comment cards should be available so customers can express their comments and concern. Greg’s family restaurant is always taking initiatives to improve service and products to increase their customer base. Learning and Growth Perspective Learning and growth process is the prospective to know about your business and if it is developing into the type of business you dreamt of. Learning in accordance to Greg’s family restaurant means to learn about the attitudes of the employees which are internal and customers which are external. Strategic planning within the growth and learning perspective should focus on employee training to have competent employees. Balance Scorecard Shareholder Value/Financial Perspective Strategic Objectives * Market share should increase * Net revenues should increase * Financial stability should be achieved * Production cost should be minimized Performance Measure * Revenue growth * Increased operating cost * Return on interest and capital Targets * 3-6 % market share increase over the next 3 years * 20% profit margin Customer Perspective Strategic Objectives * Focus on public interest * Quality food should be delivered * Community support * Improving brand name in market Performance Measures * New Menu Items should be offered * Awareness of brand in public Targets * 100% customer satisfaction * 15% increase in customers for the next 3 years Initiatives * Restaurant should expand to other cities * Benefits rewards program Learning Growth Perspective Strategic Objectives * Employees retention increased * Technology should be improved * Employee satisfaction Performance Measures * Customer satisfaction should improve * Employee turnover rate decreased * Surveys, monitoring and training Targets * 100% participation of all employees Initiatives * Staff training * Improved customer service * Analysis of Staffing References Pearce, J. A. II, Robinson, R. B. (2009). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill www.restaurant.org http://www.balancedscorecard.org/BSCResources/AbouttheBalancedScorecard/tabid/55/Default.aspx

The Evolution of Interior Design

The Evolution of Interior Design Question: Discuss the work James Stirling; Norman Foster; Ettore Sottsass; Richard Rogers; David Hicks; Philippe Starck. Post- Modernism period is from the1950s to 21th century. Post-modern style leadership at 1970s influenced today architecture and product design even graphic design. Apart of influence to architecture design, it also has culture, literature, art, philosophy, history, economics, architecture, fiction, and literary criticism. Post-modern style make more same style building in the world appeared. Post-Modernism makes local characteristics and traditional design fade out. Nowadays architecture and urban landscape are too boring and no special point. However architecture industry appears young designers and young architect groups that try to change and develop the Post-Modern style building outlook. That occurred revolution of the architecture industry. Classical, Modern and Post-Modern architecture are simple definition. We can see every city established the architecture by using of the geometric. The geometric structure is the most popular style. These thought had been given from Bauhaus. Bauhaus is influenced to modernism architecture mostly. The modern architecture it is not too much decoration. The material and functional architecture is a modern style feature mainly. Until now, the Post-Modern architecture is not only about aesthetic. Meanwhile Post-Modern architecture the characteristic is focus in environmental protection. Besides that, we can found the Post-Modernism return to classical style in architecture and furniture design. I will introduce several most important Post-Modern Architects and Designers. James Stirling he is Architect in British. He designed the History Faculty Library, Cambridge, completed in 1968. He was a led in Post-modern movement important person. In Italy Ettore Sottsass is a designer. Graduated with a degree in architecture but some of his iconic works is a product design Typewriter Valentine. Richard Rogers is a British architect. He corporate with the Italian architect Renzo Piano Designed the Pompidou Center in 1971-77 in Paris. The Centre approach is high-tech. David Hicks is an Interior Designer. He strongly introduced Color and Graphic such as clashing colors and geometric pattern carpets. He pioneered a mix and match antique with the modern pieces. There are two important person will be discussed in below. They are most popular architect Norman Foster and Designer Philippe Starck at today. Firstly let us discuss Norman Foster, Norman Forster is a Post-Modernism high-tech iconic architect designer. He is worldwide famous architect. He is a star in architectural industry also he won many of the world class architectural awards. He is one of the worlds major architects. The Gale Group Inc (2004) point out that â€Å"Called the hero of high-tech, his architectural signature is a design that opens a building up to the public, is mindful of the environment, and saves money by using modern materials and advanced technology.† HSBC Bank is a most popular bank In Hong Kong. Also Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HSBC) Headquarters. Looking buildings around in Hong Kong Central the architecture is still most modern, even though it was established in 1985. That architecture is a British architect Norman Foster design. In fact, his famous designed Huge Financial Commercial Building and Airport Terminal. In 1986s Hong Kong, we all know HSBC Building Hong Kong designed by him the building style is high-tech. Structural of steel parts was manufactured in United Kingdom. Glass, aluminum outer frame and flooring was manufactured in America. Component facilities were manufactured in Japan. The building architecture design structure is not internal support. All supporting structures was located outer frame of the building and free removal. And glass facade designed to make the best use of natural light. The ground floor lobby door is toward north south, winter keep cool in the lobby, it save air-conditioning costs. The High-tech architecture is also known as Structural Expressionism. That building gives him famous in the international architecture industry. At 1998s Hong Kong International Airport Terminal also designed by him. That made him well-known in architecture industry. At 2013s, he designed Kai T ak Cruise Terminal in Hong Kong. In addition Hong Kong International Airport Terminal and Hung Hom Station were close to the same design. At the same time at Beijing, China 2003 – 2008. He designed Beijing Airport. The outside of the Beijing airport look like similar to Hong Kong International Airport. That is Norman foster style I would say. Although, the airport is look like too similar of outlook. But we if carefully study for that architecture. We will find some differences and interesting is come from the Beijing airport architecture design. Norman Forster is not only just applying technologically improved to airport building. He is very intimate design for in terms of passenger experience. The terminal it’s used soaring aerodynamic on the roof. And then the roof Imagination form Chinese dragon form and Chinese colors red. It is so symbolic for China. Norman Foster designed for maximum flexibility to care with cannot know in future of the aviation industry. It is resolve the future complicated air travel. The Beijing Airport Terminal that interior spatial clarity combining with high service standards . As for public transport, the airport building connect are fully integrated all kind of transportation. Passengers are not walking too long distances arrive destination. He suggested shorten distances of the road for flights. It can be made transfer times flights are minimized time. Beijing airport terminal is like to Hong Kong International airport terminal. The concept is both of the open view to the outside. Special remark, the Beijing airport just four years can be design and built that airport terminal. David McManus (2015) point out that â€Å"The terminal building is one of the world’s most sustainable, incorporating a range of passive environmental design concepts,† Mr. Foster he very good use the skylight. The skylight can be gain from the sun light. I’m agreeing he is hero of high-tech. His great use high technology for himself design concept. Mr. Foster has unique architecture system and form. If no Hong Kong International Airport design and build experience. I think Beijing Airport cannot finish within four years of design and built that airport terminal. I would say he is architect of high-tech father. What is this? UFO can be making an orange juice or lemon juicy? The UFO let me imagine that just a micro-sculpture is not having functional. But that product is a citrus squeezer. That might be one of his best-known works. This citrus squeezer Iconic symbol of Philippe Starck and produced by Alessi. Philippe Starck is famous Product Designer, Industrial Design as well as architect. He is amazing designer in my mind. His characteristic is the focus on different areas of the design. His works is from high budget of the architectural design to smaller works of the toothbrush product. He is very creative in all design. Such as designed of the computer mouse for Microsoft, as well as redesigned new packaging for Beer Brand. Philippe Starck design usually use different material mixed such as glass and stones or plastic and aluminum combining. His almost famous design works in 1990 Juicy Salif. That Juicer looks as a Rocket Launcher that is designed for Italian Brand Alessi Housewares. The most well-known is the 1984 Paris Cafà © Costes. In addition, the Asakusa Tokyo Asahi Beer Tower, Hong Kong Peninsula Hotel Felix bar. His interior design style keeps in classical or old style and mixed with the contemporary material. That his effort is design for every body Philippe Starck with Baccarat’s signature red crystal pendant lamp redesigned. He adds black crystal and lined with aluminum on the pendant lamp. The name is ZÉNITH NOIR it is neoclassical historical style. He likes to change the historical style using new modern material renew. Another iconic and great design is ghost chair. The chair is best sellers today. That is neoclassical historical style. He redesigns the classical chair was used by transparent polycarbonate material. The chair used by transparent material, it will be invisible in the interior has no chair effect, that effect is so interesting. Philippe Starck in 2014s cooperates with RIKO. RIKO is a wooden constructions company. The project name is a Prefabricated Accessible Technology Homes short name is PATH. We are living in a modern age; the PATH house has been given living with nature for human. The PATH house design concept is come from future. Combining high technology, comfortable, sustainable, timeless design and respect environment. The PATH idea is come from Philippe Starck. But he is adamant that PATH house design its does not used a Starck style. The house construction is using Aluminum and Spruce Wood. The house outside is using aluminum material. This material is good for insulation effect. Indoor interior design is using spruce decor. Overall for the house, his design is included coordinating, renewable energy power generation, solar panels, wind turbines, geothermal systems, and rainwater collection system. It will be installed on the roof. It can be greatly reduced by more than 50% of ecological engineeri ng. That house design is a Philippe Starck breakthrough his design thinking. Philippe Starck design is in use the historical elements very well. Even the PATH house design is not Starck style but we if carefully study for that house. We will found the house is a roman ionic order transforming of the elevation. He is my favorite designer for me. In conclusion, I think Norman Foster has influence to architecture go to high-tech trend and systematization constructions. He is leadership the High-tech architecture functional building and environmental protection building popular development movement. Today design style influence contemporary architect and have High-tech outer frame style usage. Philippe Starck has influence to contemporary material and renaissance classical or old style design mixing usage. Beyond the Post-Modernism and design rules. His amazing design way inspires a new generation of architect and designers what is creative and multitasking of design think. Reference List: Muschamp, V. (1992, June 26). James Stirling, 66, a Bold British Architect, Dies. Retrieved from:  http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/26/arts/james-stirling-66-a-bold-british-architect-dies.html Moore, R. (2014, May 18). Ettore Sottsass: the godfather of Italian cool. Retrieved from:  http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/may/18/ettore-sottsass-review-godfather-italian-cool-memphis-collective Zukowsky, J. (2013, May 30). Richard Rogers British architect. Retrieved from:  http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/506823/Richard-Rogers Lambert, E. (1998, April 2). Exhilarating eclecticism and abundant color reawaken English taste. Retrieved from:  http://www.architecturaldigest.com/architecture/archive/hicks_article_012000 The Gale Group Inc. (2004). Norman Robert Lord Foster of Thames Bank Foster. Retrieved from:  http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Norman_Robert_Lord_Foster_of_Thames_Bank_Foster.aspx McManus, D. (2015, January 26). Beijing Airport Building. Retrieved from:  http://www.e-architect.co.uk/beijing/beijing-airport-building McManus, D. (2015, January 26). Beijing Airport Building. Retrieved from:  http://www.e-architect.co.uk/beijing/beijing-airport-building The Starck truth: Does British design need saving?. Retrieved from:  http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/sep/13/philippe-starck-design-for-life Philippe Starcks new prefabricated house realises the modern living ideal. Retrieved from:  http://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/philippe-starcks-new-prefabricated-house-realises-the-modern-living-ideal/8093

The Role of Mental Variation in Cognitive Science :: Cognitive Sciences Scientific Essays

The Role of Mental Variation in Cognitive Science ABSTRACT: What is the role of mental variation in cognitive science? I will attempt to answer this question by dividing it into two separate questions: (1) what role does mental variation already (or implicitly) play in cognitive science? and (2) would cognitive science benefit by inquiring (explicitly) into the role of mental variation? I will attempt to show that mental variation already plays an important (though not always explicit) role in cognitive science. Additionally, I will suggest that explicating the role of mental variations in cognition may be seen as a vital component of maintaining the strength of certain approaches and "schools" of cognitive science. (1) Preliminary Remarks (a) Introduction What is the role of mental variation in cognitive science? I will attempt to answer this question, as it often happens in philosophy, by dividing it into two separate questions: (1) What role does mental variation already (implicitly) play in cognitive science? and (2) Would cognitive science benefit by inquiring (explicitly) into the role of mental variation? I will attempt to show that mental variation already plays an important, although not always explicit, role in cognitive science. Additionally, I will suggest that explicating the role of mental variation in cognition may be seen as a vital component of maintaining the strength of certain approaches and "schools" of cognitive science. To illustrate this, let me present the relevance of variation in disputes between the connectionist and more traditional theories of cognition. The dispute between more traditional (propositional and "language of thought" based) understanding of cognitive science and recent connectionist theories may be seen as centred, in part, on the role of variation (manipulation) in cognition. More traditional account would appeal to the fact that the correspondence between formal languages and propositional content may be seen as dependent upon the combinatorial structure of strings of symbols. Thus, one may claim that sentences have parts with both fixed and adjustable meanings and that we form new meaningful sentences by rearranging these parts in new combinations. In this case, the ability to vary parts of structured sentences may be seen as quite significant: this ability would help us account for our understanding of propositions we never encountered before. Instead of appealing to the paradigms of cognition which involve either strings of symbols or some sort of propositional structure, connectionists would rather appeal to some type of neural architecture. They argue that the properties of some sort of functional networks in cognition represent the properties of neural activity much closer than the properties of any sequential symbol-processing system.

Hawthorne Writing Style :: essays papers

Hawthorne Writing Style Nathaniel Hawthorne was a prominent early American Author who contributed greatly to the evolution of modern American literature. A New England native, Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804 and died on May 19, 1864 in New Hampshire. An avid seaman, Hawthorne^s father died in 1808 when Nathaniel Hawthorne was only a young child. After his father^s death, Hawthorne showed a keen interest in his father^s worldwide nautical adventures and often read the logbooks his father had compiled from sailing abroad. Hawthorne was a descendant of a long line of New England Puritans, which sparked his interest in the Puritan way of life. After he graduated from Bowdoin College in 1825, Hawthorne returned to his home in Salem were he began to write in semi-seclusion. Hawthorne published his first novel, Fanshawe in 1828. In 1839, Hawthorne was appointed weigher and gauger at the Boston Custom House. He later married Sophia Amelia Peabody in 1842. In the following years, Hawthorne wrote his more famous novels which shaped his own literary style, as well as the genres of the romance novel and short story. Eventually, Hawthorne developed a style of romance fiction representative of his own beliefs. Although Nathaniel Hawthorne^s writing style was often viewed as outdated when compared to modern literature, Hawthorne conveyed modern themes of psychology and human nature through his crafty use of allegory and symbolism. To begin with, Hawthorne^s style was commonplace for a writer of the nineteenth century. During the time period in which Hawthorne wrote, printing technology was not yet advanced enough to easily reproduce photographs in books. Therefore, Hawthorne frequently wrote lengthy visual descriptions since his audience had no other means to see the setting of the novel. (Magill:1 840). One example of such descriptions was in The Scarlet Letter when Hawthorne intricately describes the prison door and its surroundings. Another aspect of Hawthorne^s writing which was exclusive to his time period was the use of formal dialogue which remained fairly consistent from character to character (Magill:2 140). Such overblown dialogue was evident in The Scarlet Letter when the dialogue of Pearl, a young child, exhibited no difference from the dialogue of the other characters in the novel. Hawthorne adopted the use of overly formal dialogue partly from a British writer, Sir Walter Scott, whose works were popular in the United States and Great Britain (Magill:1 841). Although Hawthorne^s dialogue was overly formal, it was an accurate tool in describing human emotion (Gale). Absence of character confrontation was another component of Hawthorne^s literary style.

Animal Farm Book and Movie :: Compare Contrast Animal Farm Essays

Animal Farm Book and Movie   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Animal Farm is a novel about farm animals running a farm and becoming self sufficient. It is a story with great detail and is a very good book to read because of it surprising events. If you have seen Animal Farm the movie, you would feel completely different. The movie has far less detail and events to make it as interesting as the book. Though the story is basically the same, the lack of details makes the movie dull.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One thing that can make a book good is characters. In the book, there were many more animals in the farm. The movie did not show many animals except for the main animals. Even thought this is a small difference, it can be noticeable. In the book, Mollie was a character. When she betrayed the animals by being with a human it gave you a feeling that there were more animals that could be traitors. In the movie since there was no Mollie, you did not even have a feeling of suspense for what was going to happen later on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the book, there was many surprises that shocked me. One of those surprises was that Napoleon wanted Snowball ousted. Though Napoleon did not like Snowball, the wasn't really any evidence that he would try to kill Snowball. In the movie, Napoleon, had a bad image already. He had a mean look and shoved his way in front when Old Major gave his speech. There was also gloomy music when they had scenes of him. When the book showed of Napoleon as a bad guy, I was surprised but I expected it in the movie because the movie showed him as a bad person from the beginning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another detail that the movie missed was when all the animals could talk. In the movie not all the animals could talk. This eliminated many important things. Beasts of England was hummed when the animals sang it. When they could talk, the words represented the hate they felt for the humans and the injustice they felt was done to them. This is important because this greatly motivated the animals to rebel. If they just hum the tune and call it Beasts of England, it takes away from the mood of the story. Another reason speech is so important is that in the book, animals sometimes questioned authority. Boxer had once questions Squealer's actions. It also made it so the regular animals besides the pigs could not communicate to each other and trying to guess their feelings was not the easy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The movie had a few more differences.

BP and the Deepwater Horizon disaster Essay

Title: The Analysis of BP and the Deepwater Horizon Disaster of 2010 Due Date: 5/5/13 Word Allocation: 2193 excluding executive summary, headings, tables, references and appendices Executive Summary This report provides an examination into British Petroleum (BP) and the Deepwater Horizon disaster of 2010. It looks specifically at the functional area of organizing from POLC and the framework from how communication and communication networks effected the decision making process on the oilrig. The analysis starts by providing a history of BP and what major decisions throughout time contributed to the organizational structure when the disaster occurred. Findings show that the asset federation model adopted in 1995 took away responsibility from BP’s regional operations and subsequently rewarded each individual site for its performance. This meant the managerial decision making process for each site was geared to time and cost efficiencies rather than that of safety. The establishing of a wheel communication network on Deepwater meant that any proposals put for from line staff, with safety as a priority, were being overwritten by the senior team leader as they were passed on. After the disaster occurred, BP established a Safety and Risk division and instilled staff members on each of its rigs to ensure that the safety message was reinforced on its sites. Table of Contents 1. Introduction Managers are responsible for arranging and structuring work to assist in achieving organizational goals (Robins et al. 2012, p. 14). It is determining what tasks are to be completed, who is responsible for them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom and at which level decisions are to be decided (Robins et al. 2012, p. 14). This report analyzes the area of communication and communication networks, from that of the organizing function in POLC (Robins et al. 2012, p. 13), within British Petroleum (BP) and specifically the Deepwater Horizon disaster. It looks at the communication on safety procedures from senior BP officials down to BP sites, the type of communication on key decisions that ultimately led to the sinking of the oilrig and what control measures were put in place to ensure the sustainability of the company. 2. History of BP and the Deepwater Horizon In 2010, BP was one of the United Kingdoms largest corporations and a world leader in the production of energy (Andrew 2010, p. 7). They supplied consumers with fuel for heat, light, transport, petrochemical production and much more (Andrew 2010, p. 7). However in its early years, success and profitability proved quite difficult to obtain (Ingersoll 2012, p. 2). The company that would eventually turn into BP was established in 1909 as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) after William Knox Darcy found oil in Iran after an elongated search (Ingersoll 2012, p. 2). Then in 1914, the British Government felt they needed a dedicated oil supply and purchased 51% stake in the borderline bankrupt corporation (Ingersoll 2012, p. 2). They held  onto the 51% share until the Thatcher government period of prioritization occurred between 1980 and 1990 and this led to the final stake being sold in 1987 (Andrew 2010, p. 7). At this point, performance was still declining and in 1992, after a loss of $811 million, the company decided to take severe cost saving measures (Ingersoll 2012, p. 3). Focusing on a streamlined workforce and portfolio of activities, BP’s status started to change significantly in the mid-1990’s (Ingersoll 2012, p. 3). 1998 bought the merger with Amoco and in 2000, the acquisition of Arco (Atlantic Richfield CO.) and Burmah Castrol plc highlighted an aggressive growth strategy (Andrew 2010, p. 9). With the renewed focus on growth, BP also began repositioning itself as a more environmentally friendly company and this lead to a new tagline â€Å"Beyond Petroleum† and an official name change to â€Å"BP† (Ingersoll 2012, p. 3). This lead to the launch of an Alternative Energy division and between 2005 and 2009, BP invested $4 billion into this area with a total company investment of $982 billion (Ingersoll 2012, p. 3). In May 2007, Tony Hayward was appointed Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and his focus was to stem the company growth and reduce production targets (Ingersoll 2012, p. 3). Between 2006 and 2009, BP’s workforce fell from 97,000 to 80,300 and four levels of management were cut as Hayward felt too many people were making too many decisions leading to extreme cautiousness (Ingersoll 2012, p. 3). However, BP has had a colorful history when it comes to safety within its structures (Andrew 2010, p. 14). In 2005, 15 people were killed and another 180 injured when the BP Texas City refinery exploded (Andrew 2010, p. 14). Then in 2006-2007, BP had to shut down its operations in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska due to over a million liters of oil spilling into the North Slopes via corroded pipelines (Andrew 2010, p. 14). Alaskan state regulators had been warning BP since 2001 that management protocol was out of sync with state regulations and that critical equipment needed to be better sustained (Andrew 2010, p. 15). On the 20th April 2010, a floating semi-submersible Drilling Unit named the Deepwater Horizon, exploded and sunk off the Gulf of Mexico killing 11 people and injuring another 17 (Andrew 2010, p. 16-17). BP had leased the Deepwater Horizon rig from Transocean, an oil based industry support company that specialized in deep water drilling (Ingersoll 2012, p. 1). The rig was hired to complete work on the Macondo well, which BP owned the rights too (Ingersoll 2012, p. 1). Of the 126 on board, 79 were from Transocean, seven from BP and the rest from other firms (Ingersoll 2012, p. 1). As of 2010, the Deepwater Horizon disaster was the biggest marine oil spill to transpire in United States waters with nearly five million barrels of oil leaking into the Gulf of Mexico (Ingersoll 2012, p. 2). Decisions made on the type of well casing, the number of centralizers used and the decision to not perform a cement bond log may have contributed to the well blowing out (Ingersoll 2012, p. 1). However, regardless of the ultimate causes, it is worth examining the communication networks within to obtain exactly where the caution over cost message broke down. 3. Managers and Communication Networks Theory Effective internal and external communication is seen as a requirement for organizational success (Ruck & Welsh 2012, p. 1). Organizations need to constantly assess and enhance communication especially in increasingly difficult economic times (Ruck & Welsh 2012, p. 1). Communication can be broken down into two different areas; formal or informal (Robins et al. 2012, p. 405). Formal communication follows a chain of command that typically takes place within the organizational work arrangements (Robins et al. 2012, p. 405). Informal communication does not take place within the organization hierarchy and typically allows employees to satisfy their social interaction needs along with creating an alternative channel to communicate (Robins et al. 2012, p. 405). However this information can flow in a number of different ways. Communication within an organization can move by the following means; downward, upward, lateral and diagonal (Robins et al. 2012, p. 406-07). Table 1 explains how each type and its definition; Table 1: Types of information flow (Adapted from: Robins et al. 2012, p. 406-07) Reinforcement of information flow encourages employees to speak out and adopt a participative approach (Ahmed 2010, p. 122). Mutual dialogue within an organization contributes to the foundations of shared value and trust (Ahmed 2010, p. 122). Both the vertical and horizontal communication flows within an organization can be combined into a number of different patterns labeled communication networks (Robins et al. 2012, p. 407). Researchers have recognized that basic networks of communication can be classified into different types of interaction (Eunson 2012, p. 116) like those shown in table 2 and 3 below Figure 1: Eunson – Types of Communication Networks (Source: Eunson 2012, p. 117) Figure 2: Robins – Three Common Organizational Communication Networks (Source: Robins et al. 2012, p. 407) When examining the theory listed within this paper compared to the types of communication, flow and communication network structures within BP, we can greater understand exactly what lead to the sinking of the Deepwater vessel. 4. Analysis of Communication Networks between BP and Deepwater BP Senior Management In the late 1980s, BP had several layers of management that fell within a matrix structure that made it problematic for anyone wanting to make a decision quickly (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). As business and overall performance at BP was floundering, Robert Horton decided to cut $750 million form BP’s  annual expenses (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). Horton, who was appointed BP’s CEO in 1989, removed several managerial layers with the intent of speeding up the decision making process and the pace of business (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). The business was transformed into smaller, more flexible teams with the vision of maintaining open streams of communication (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). Horton transferred decision-making authority to the upstream and downstream business divisions and employees at all levels were encouraged to take responsibility and exercise business initiative (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). During the 1990s, John Browne was heading up BP’s Exploration and Production division, BPX (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). He wanted to create a spirit of entrepreneurship amongst his employees and extended the decision-making responsibilities to further levels within the organization (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). Decision making authority and responsibility was no longer held with BP’s regional operating companies and was now completed by the site managers (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). The model was known as Asset Federation and was applied company wide when Browne took over as BP CEO in 1995(Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). The asset federation model compensated employees for the performance of their individual site so there was little incentive to share best practices on risk management amongst various other BP exploration sites (Ingersoll 2012, p. 4). Deepwater Communication The benefits of an all channel network or matrix structure are that the leaderless group has constant information flow between all members within the work team (Robins et al. 2012, p. 407). The potential for brainstorming and exchange of information is great within this type of model (Eunson 2012, p. 118). However information overload and irreconcilable differences due to no emergence of a leader can be a downside (Eunson 2012, p. 118) Figure 3: Deepwater Chain of Command (Source: Ingersoll 2012, p. 20) However, when looking at the chain of command on the Deepwater Horizon (see table 4), it could be seen to form a wheel network rather than that of a  matrix structure (see table 3). Typically, wheel communication flows form an identifiable leader at the top of the wheel (Eunson 2012, p. 117). The leader serves as the hub and the flow of information is typically one way but can be two way, dependent on the leaders willingness to accept information (Eunson 2012, p. 117). This can cause the satisfaction of team members to be low compared to that of chain, circle and channel networks (Robins et al. 2012, p. 407). Wheel networks have the disadvantage of being prone to message distortion (Eunson 2012, p. 118). As the message gets passed from one individual to another, or from one level to the next, the message is edited or mangled by the sender in each interaction (Eunson 2012, p. 118). The distortion in the wheel network is visible when looking at the decision making process for the type of well casing and number of centralizers. Decisions in these two areas were relayed by the engineering team leader, Greg Walz (Ingersoll 2012, pp. 10-11). Greg received input from the engineers in the operations unit on what they thought were best safety practices, however final decisions on the projects were ultimately made due to the cost and time savings (Ingersoll 2012, pp. 10-11). The decision makers on the Deepwater had only been in their positions for a minimal amount of time (Ingersoll 2012, p. 9) and this meant that the lessons learned at Texas City and Prudhoe Bay had not reached the Gulf of Mexico site (Reed & Fitzgerald 2010, p. 156). It could be seen that the safety communication message had flowed downward from senior managers to line manager and staff however line managers felt a greater influence to reward cost and time savings. Control Measures On July 27, 2010, BP announced that Bob Dudley would succeed Tony Haward as BP’s Group Chief Executive on October 1, 2010 (EHS Today 2010, p. 17). In light of the Deepwater disaster and to ensure sustainability of the company, BP leadership announced plans to create a new safety division to oversee and audit the organizations operations worldwide on September 29, 2010 (EHS Today 2010, p. 17). The Safety and Risk function has the authority to intervene in all technical aspects of BP activities to ensure that operations are carried out to that of stated common standards (EHS Today  2010, p. 17). Staff will be imbedded in all of BP’s operating units and will report directly to Mark Bly, head of safety and operations (EHS Today 2010, p. 17). Mark reports directly to the CEO, Bob Dudley to ensure the safety message from senior BP officials filters down into each site (EHS Today 2010, p. 17). 5. Conclusion Communication is continually attributed to a vital variable in determining organizational success (Hargie & Tourish 2009, p. 419). Many business issues stem from poor communication procedures and early action and intervention in this area can avert a disaster at a later date (Hargie & Tourish 2009, p. 3). By conducting analysis into the communication and communication networks at BP, we can ascertain that a number of different factors may have contributed to the BP disaster. The asset federation model took away responsibility from BP’s regional operations and subsequently the company’s safety message. The rewarding of each site and its managers for its individual performance further contributed to the dilution of importance on safety. A wheel network with key decision makers who had not been in their roles for very long, meant that lessons learned from past incidents weren’t filtered into the Deepwater Horizon and decisions were made with the view of saving money and time compared to safety. The establishment of the Safety and Risk division immediately after the disaster ensured that the safety message from senior management would be heard within each site and limit the opportunity for a disaster of this magnitude to occur in the future. 6. Reference List Ahmed, Z 2010, ‘Managerial Communication: The Link Between Frontline Leadership And Organizational Performance’, Journal Of Organizational Culture, Communications & Conflict, 14, 1, Health Business Elite, EBSCOhost, viewed 5 May 2013, p. 122 EHS Today 2010, ‘BP Creates New Safety and Risk Division’, 3, 11, Health Business Elite, EBSCOhost, viewed 3 May 2013, p. 17 Eunson, B 2012, Communication in the Workplace, e-book, accessed 05 May 2013, p. 116-118 . Hargie, O & Tourish, D 2009, Auditing Organizational Communication : A Handbook of Research, Theory and Practice, e-book, accessed 05 May 2013, pp. 3, 419. . Ingersoll, C, Locke, RM & Reavis, C 2012, â€Å"BP and the Deepwater Horizon Disaster of 2010†, MIT Sloan Management, pp. 1-4, 9-11, 20 Reed, S & Fitzgerald, A 2010, In Too Deep : BP and the Drilling Race That Took it Down, e-book, accessed 26 April 2013, p. 156 . Robins, Bergman, Stagg & Coulter, 2012, Management, 6th edn, Pearson Australia, Australia, pp. 13-14, 405-07 Ruck, K & Welch, M 2012, Public Relations Review: Valuing internal communication; management and employee perspectives, Volume 38, Issue 2, June 2012, p. 1 7. List of Figures Figure 1: Eunson – Types of Communication Networks Figure 2: Robins – Three Common Organizational Communication Networks Figure 3: Deepwater Chain of Command 8. List of Tables Table 1: Types of information flow

A Successful College Student Essay

Successful means accomplishing or achieving an aim or a goal, a purpose. A College is an educational institution which smoke gain knowledge by assimilators. inculcatechild infract the sack further their education at college after graduated from high give lessons or secondary school. Student is the wizard who is developmenting at a school or a college, and bookman can too defined as a renter. College pupil can collide with whatever courses that they argon interested in a college or university.Students who choose to further their fill in college is the close to important move to being succeeder, and thriving college savant is dismount from choosing the correct loose matter, which is the student wanted or interested in the subject. But a multitude of the students are studying the subject that their parents want them to study, but non the subject that they want. Choose the correct subject is the low gear steps of being success, so you moldiness fight for it , because you are allowed to decide your future. in that respect are a lot of types of student in the college, different types of student stool different kind of goal or aim.But most of the students goal is to be a palmy college student. To be a sure-fire college student is non that easy, most of the students think that get puff up entrust in their academic is consider a successful student. , but this idea is emphatically wrong. A successful college student does non mean the painest in the class, the best resolution in academic student, the word success means success in different aspects. A successful student moldiness perform realistic goals and targets to motivate themselves.Although goals must be challenge but must be realistic, do non set the goals which are impossible to achieve. Goals should be measured and specific, better to include a deadline for accomplishment. short goals or small goals is easily to pick up and can be accomplished quickly. short-run go als can be set by monthly, every week, or so far tough daily, much(prenominal) as debate in grant on clock, do extra exercise, or master in a virgin chapter and etc. However, a student must surrender the act and behavior worry a student in the college.At college, some of the students serve to class young or refuse to attend class, peculiarly the subject which cannot forbid student to the lowest exam. The successful student must attend every class on time, unless get to forgivable reason. Next, effective student should be sit in front of the class, fork out every word from lecturer and try to record it. Students should not be acrophobic to ask when take overt understand on something, if student is having difficulty on study can eer take advantage of the tutoring session, it is useful and beneficial to student.Besides, pull in before the class started and take the let down down when the lecturer is explaining, then look into after class, do more than fair liste ned is cardinal of the tips to become successful. Spend or so 30-45minutes to review all the notes which bind been interpreted in the class, and try to understand concepts instead of memorize all the details, use the cutoff learning readiness in study, because successful student must work smart but not work sonorous. And then, hand in all the work that presumption by the lecturer on time, because successful student go out take state for their education.They dont even ware a minute with doing nothing. To become a successful college student must learn on time fuckment. Properly manage the time between study and also delight time. Set a weekly schedule which contains study time, fun time, fluctuation time, and also family time. Although sometime we have not enough time for us to do what we want to do, but we must give a little time for our family, even though a period of dinner time. Study is very important to a student, but the over study will need to the worse situatio n.In fact, dont forget to relax from the challenging study, take a short severalize between study sections, and have a well rest for further journey. Furthermore, broad(a) looking is not the must, but strong dressing is the must. Student must have the look of student, not to wear exchangeable a hoodlum, they should always admit ourselves fair and clean. Have at least one time bath quotidian to keep ourselves clean, and wash and change the fabrices everyday, do not wear akin cloth in two days. Otherwise, keep ourselves health is also one of the steps to be a successful college student.Successful student should always keep their energy in high level, for instance, have 8 hours sleeping time for everyday, keep doing exercise everyday or at least 4 days in a week. feignt always skip repast with the reason busy or no time to eat, eat three meals a day is the must and eat well with well-informed food but not fast foods. To maintain a healthy lifestyle, a successful student s hould always have the positive mind thinking and stay free from drugs and also alcohol. Drugs and alcohol will affect our brain and slowed our reaction, in long-term, our brain will damaged.Communication skill is the worse skills of student nowadays, student do not know how to communicate with severally other, they communicate well with using online chatting, netmail or sms, but not graceful speaking with each other. Successful student must be corking in communication and socialize skills. To improve the skills, affect yourself in different kind of activities, such(prenominal) as become member in a club, join community, and etc. Moreover, view yourself in the camp can call for your leadership, leadership is very important, because he or she carries the risk of whole group.Besides that, knowledge can also be throw on the camp activities, all of the student will work together and foster out each other to fetch up a mission that given by tutor. While they are completing th e mission, the work out skill of student has been trained. Communication and lodge skills will be improved when accomplishing a mission or an activity, because they will converse to solve the problem that face by them together. Camping really brings a lot of advantages and it helps students to gain extra skills, create a large social network, which mightiness lead student to become successful.The good activities are good for us but must not involve yourself in criminal activities such as gambling, fighting, stealing and etc, it might get you in to trouble. Study is good but not just sign on it only, try to have fun during college, but fun time and salutary time must manage wisely, not too concentrate on study and left out community and time for fun. A suitable reward for the hard work of many nights are required to a student to relax our taste and refresh our messy mind.Conclusion, tips to become successful college student have been mentioned on above. Although no one is per fect, but every students have to try their best to achieve their goal, which is to became a successful student. Finally, a successful college student must have a good behavior, even you are a talent, good behavior is very important, because how you treat people, is the same way how people treat you back. The resist tip for student is learn how to learn, because a great education is one of the most important things in our life.

Multicultural counselling values Essay

The main purpose of writing this essay is to snap and highlight some own(prenominal)ized cheer of a proponent that push aside hit the quality of maintaining hard-hitting therapeutic copulationship with the lymph node. The author agrees to the statement it is unaccept able for a counsellor to maintain a identify of neutrality. The views and critical approaches of the author be expressed in the following essay.IntroductionEveryone has his/ her personal value, beliefs, biasness and preferences. Personal set bring on great influence in relation to human decision-making. Each single has a unlike set of personal set because everyone has a unalike set of life experience, environment and family background. value are essential to our life as it acts as a reverberate of catalyst to turn over our life, shape our demeanour and reflect our personal moral standards.For physical exercise, an individual who stay on the value of trust, sincerity and honesty, he/she will de sire people to demand faith in them. In addition, this group of individuals would yearn differents to be sincere in terms of friendship and things they do. It could in any case be in a haoma of superpower to perform real t pick up with full of sincerity without hoping for any credits. (All of us preserve determine which produce high standards, portray good image to our loved ones, self and ultimately, livery good things towards the society.Personal Values & Its OriginsThe source has personal value that include being filial, devoted, responsible, and riseing good kind with his loved ones. In certain circumstances, these personal set of the author whitethorn differ from the nodes determine, resulting in conflict and resistance. (It creates relationship difficulties with the customers.) This may stay fresh the writer from forming a therapeutic relationship with the customers. unmatched example would be the writer, who is a ghostly person, relations with customers who have a character totally opponent of him. Since he is religious, the writer is cautious with his act and reframe from situations principal to sins. For instance, if the writer were to counsel invitees facing issues such as abortion, gambling, divorce and intentional single parenting, it may blow over to conflicts collect to differing personal values. The writer hard criticizes these acts because the invitee is irresponsible, inhumane, and he considers such acts as uncivilized. Regardless of the clients ethnicity / religion, conflicts may bring up feelings of anger, edginess and negativity towards the client.The authors emotions will be affected due to the writer being bigoted of such acts. It is due to the writers upstanding religious values that cause his emotions and cognitive top executive to be disoriented. As he is not in the correct state of mind to think efficaciously, the writers focus is affected. The aim of empathy and being appropriate become affected because the counsellings value does not align well with his clients values. As a result, the writer has the urge to hazard the clients and become biased. Such emotions can be overwhelming, starring(p) to the writers unconscious skewed judging and practical ill feelings formed of these clients.Dealing with preventtransferenceIn addition, it is equally of utmost importance to recognize our take undetermined personal issues that feeds into problematic behaviors with clients .Take the following as an example, a client who wants to change into a filial person after committing various sinful acts. The client wants to repent. Relating back to the writers past experiences, he too was once a rebellious person. His parents condemned his acts that brought discompose to the family name. It was tough and difficult for his parents to accept him back.That was one possibility his parents nearly disowned him after what he had done. He had been heavily insulted and judged. The writer knew it was not his fault because his motive was to lone(prenominal) get the attention from his parents. His parents have been biased and handle him unfairly compared to his other two siblings. With the writers past experience, the writer has developed similar alchemy with his/her clients. The writer becomes emotionally detached with his/her client due to the situation similarity that the client had experienced. Instead of analyzing and decision out more than about the clients main issues, the writer became engrossed with the similar termination portion.He may place his focus on the filial issue. If the writer is unable to act up with his unresolved conflicts from the past or other relationships, it can affect the therapeutic outcome. It may slow down the exercise of gathering information that is important for the clients needs. The writers focus may hurtle and disorientate, that can impair the quality of the session. By having the movie of showing good and positive impression to the clients, the counter transference affects the therapy session when the counselling is readily accept the clients opinions.The writers machination spots may hinder his ability to deal with various similar behaviors shown by the clients, or the writers old wounds that surfaced as he kit and boodle to process the clients pain. Each client needs to be met where they are and worked with on their individual stuff, without interference from either the advocators prior experiences with clients or their personal values. On the other hand, counselors need to sock what their personal thresholds are. For example, if the writer feels that he cannot work with a child abuser or a liquidator without allowing his personal values affect his work with the client, he needs to take the precautionary measures to excuse himself from such clients and refer them to another counselor. Alternatively, he can want supervision from someone who is experienced for advice.Benefits and Limitations of Pers onal ValuesThere are some benefits that personal values can bring upon in counseling. Values by the counselor can be used as a form of conference. Based on an oblige entitled Values in Counseling and psychotherapeutics, written by Patterson, he mentioned that the therapists values are not communicated directly to the client . The writer as a person would allude to the client as a person. In other words, the writer feels he is in a dumbfound whereby he set the appropriate tone and example to the client. When the counselor begins to demonstrate empathy, sincerity, authenticity, respect and establishing good rapport, the client would most likely mirror these values. Since the client develops more positive attitudes and the willingness to change, it establishes better communication with the writer.The writer is able to show congruence as well as unconditional positive regard towards the client. The writer also feels that benefits would arise from working with specific groups of peo ple base on shared values. For example, a preacher or imam who is counseling will likely do so in a way that incorporates their religious beliefs. The client would specifically go to that person for religious-based counseling. However, if the client is struggling with those beliefs, their struggles may not be perceiveManaging Personal Values Every obstruction can be overcome and dealt with. In the counseling context, values are manageable which can be primordial to maintaining potent therapeutic alliance. One of the key factors is to establish multi cultural sense. Multicultural cognisance increases a persons intentional and purposive decision-making ability by accounting for the many ways that civilization influences different perceptions of the same solution.This illustrates how multicultural awareness is able to influence the counselor decision-making. Different people have different market-gardenings. Therefore, to avoid any form of culture shock, it is therefore vital for the counselor to develop his/her level of multi-cultural awareness. The counselor has two choices to ignore the influence of culture, or to serve to it. Both cases, cultures will still cross to influence a clients and a counselors behavior with or without the counselors intentional awareness.Counselors are encouraged to attend multicultural fellowship training.Some of the knowledge approaches that are commonly used are through publications, phone and visual media, and reading materials. Lets ask ourselves this question Why do we, as counselors, have to be multicultural competent? One actor is to avoid any form of personal biases, stereotyping or misjudging the clients. By increasing the counselors knowledge about other cultures, the writer believes it would provide him with clear up and sufficient information about ones own as well as rank cultures. The writers high level of competencies and awareness increases his self-confidence and self-realization to face the problem effectively and diligently.It puts the writer in a position whereby he feels much comfortable to listen and understand in spades to the client. If the writer were to deal with clients who come from different backgrounds and cultures, the writer should have the ability to handle his personal values properly in order not to expose his clients. The writer may experience some form of culture shock if he is incompetent with his awareness. The awareness competencies are essential as it enables to control the writers interpretation of his own knowledge and utilizing the right skills. By controlling the writers interpretation, he can avoid making any form of assumption and jump to conclusion. The multicultural skilled counselor does not take awareness for granted.ConclusionIs it possible to maintain a position of neutrality? The purpose is no. With all these values that are inert in the counselors thought process, the counselor may have difficulties. The counselor has to be natural. cov er behind a professional faade may leads to upsetting the counseling relationship and jeopardizing the therapeutic factors in the process. Counselors who have different set of personal values can affect the therapeutic relationship outcome. A counselor who is unable to manage his/her personal values can affect the quality of relationships between people. The most common misconception among clients is that counselors tend to tell individuals what to do or choices he/she should have made.Instead, role of the counselor is to guide the client to make use of the resources they have and serve them to define their goals. Nonetheless, the counselors personal values can be used as a tool in creating some form of data link with the client. (We, as counselors will do our best to surface the right approach for each client.) A counselor shall never make any form of assumptions. whatsoever values the counselor believes in, they should never judge or be bias towards the client. In reality, dif ferences in personal values may stand as an obstacle in establishing therapeutic relationships with clients. The fundamental of personal values in counseling is to alleviate the personal distress. An effective counselor has to be authentic, genuine, have an appreciation for cultural influences, and retain effective interpersonal effective communication skills .