Wednesday, December 25, 2019

The Ethical Behavior Of Stakeholders - 771 Words

IV. The Rights and Obligations of Stakeholders Including Individuals and Organizations That Have Potentially Causing Forest and Land Fire in Indonesia There are causative factors of land and forest fire that frequently occurred in Indonesia. The factors are weather symptoms of El Nino, attitude that do not heed government warnings, and law enforcement for forest fires actors that are still weak. Each of this factor related to the ethical behavior of stakeholders. Business ethics are ways to do business, which cover all aspects relating to individuals, companies, industries and communities or can be called as stakeholders. According to Boylan, they include how to conduct business fairly, in accordance with applicable law, and does not depend on the position of individuals and companies in the community. According to utilitarian approach, any action should be based on the consequences. Therefore, business action should give maximum benefit to the community, but does not harm and with the lowest possible cost. According to Ministry for National Development Planning, some motives of the actors behind forest and land fire because b urning will simplify and accelerate the work to clear the land, operational cost savings in land clearing, eliminating waste timber on, minimize or prevent the occurrence of pests of plants and also to improve soil quality as efforts to prepare in planting process. Moreover, the motifs are more widely used for the purpose of expansion and orShow MoreRelatedLeadership As A Global Organization1335 Words   |  6 Pagesproduces the peak performance for the organization (Khan, 2016). As each leader builds and establishes a unique adaptation of characteristics, each leadership style may be different and specifically designed for the needs of the employees’, internal stakeholders, and the organizational needs. Thus, as described, the effectiveness of the organizational team is directly associated with the teams’ leadership abilities, expertise in establishing motivation, trust, and positive effect of the human capitalRead MoreAn Ethical Organization On Business Environme nt Essay1587 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies that allow it to operate in an ethical fashion (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014, p. 379). This entails developing a code of ethical standards that dictate the accepted principles of decision-making, stakeholder interaction, management style, among a myriad of other elements of organizational operations. For those organizations that take a stakeholder management approach, operating in an ethical fashion also includes acknowledging that different stakeholder groups deserve to have their rightsRead MoreLeadership, Trustworthiness, and Ethical Stewardship and Their Correlation1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe problem to be investigated is what are the ethical concepts of leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship and how are they correlated. Many interpretations of the terms leadership, trustworthiness, and ethical stewardship have been developed by scholars and researchers. However, the meaning of these topics as they relate to busin ess organizations and business ethics need to be explored and more importantly, a discussion is necessary of how these topics interact or correlate with oneRead MoreThe Role Of Ethics And Social Responsibility On Developing A Strategic Plan746 Words   |  3 Pages Ethics is the â€Å"consensually accepted standards of behavior for an occupation, trade, or profession† (Wheelen Hunger, 2010, p. G4). Ethics in business involve different standards based on the location and customs. What is ethically acceptable in one environment may not be acceptable in another. Analyzing ethics is essential when developing strategic plans. Some even may argue that there is no such thing as business ethics (Wheelen Hunger, 2010). The whole concept of ethics and business is a bitRead MoreEssay on Emerging Business Ethics Issues914 Words   |  4 PagesStakeholders play a major role in the business arena, they are charged with the responsibility of ensuring their organization is a safe environment not only for themselves but for their employees. In a seemingly competitive and morally flawed world, business people and entrepreneurs are often presented with grave ethical challenges. For this reason their personal values and beliefs play a pivotal role in the success of the organization. When concealing doubts about the ethics of others, more thanRead MoreEthics And Legal Considerations : Strategic Management1086 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizations culture. Organizational ethics determine what is acceptable behavior. Ethics of Strategic Management Strategic management is how an organization uses strategic planning to make decision. Ethical issues can arise in strategic management when a decision is made to advance goals that have negative consequences (Bianca, n.d.). Many times, these decisions are made for self-gain while not benefiting the company or its stakeholders. There are two approaches to organizational integrity. They are theRead MoreCode Of Ethics And Ethics Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesrules of conduct that aids in the decision-making processes and balances the stakeholders expectations and interests against corporate responsibility ( ). The establishment and practice of a code of ethics is mandatory for all organizations to govern business practices. The Sarean Oxly Act was established as a result of unethical business practices. The successful implementation and communication of the ethical philosophy an organization uses to conduct business can affect the reputationRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1087 Words   |  5 Pagesplanning for the success of a business. When companies develop strategic plans, they must consider what role ethics will play and how social responsibility will affect the plan keeping stakeholders need at the forefront. If businesses and individuals are making a conscious effort to display ethical behavior, ethical perspectives and beliefs should evolve over time much like what has happened in the master’s of business administration (MBA) program. Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility in StrategicRead MoreEthical Issues Of The Workplace1494 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical Issues in the Workplace Student’s Name Task 1 Helen is facing a big problem and challenge as well. This ethical concern can be termed as a challenge rather than a problem since it has not taken a side that can be considered as a problem. The challenge is evident and if the alteration of the financial statement to suit the demands of the customers. In the case Helen changes the document then she will have gone against accounting ethical codes. If she fails to adjust the financialRead MoreThe Leader s Ethical Values Influence Leadership Style Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesindustries for instance, public, private, government, and non-profit/for-profit. The leader’s ethical values influence leadership style. The research suggests that the transformational leadership style is established on deontological ethics whereas transactional leadership is based on teleological ethics. Leader values and transformational/ transactional leadership suggest that a divergent set of ethical values serves as the foundations of the respective leadership influence processes. Teleological

Monday, December 16, 2019

Essay on Death Of A Salesman - 2176 Words

Death Of A Salesman In Arthur Miller’s ’Death Of A Salesman’, Miller uses several techniques to show attitudes to success held by the characters. There are many indicators of success in this play which are, the ideas of being wealthy, the performance on their job, to have power and status. Some of the techniques he uses to show this are the use of motifs, the American Dream, language, stage directions and also through sequence in the past. One of the motifs Miller uses to show the attitude of success is the idea of being ‘well-liked’. This is mainly shown through the character of Will Loman. Willy seems to think that if a person is ‘well-liked‘, it will excuse anything and everyone opens up for him. Willy got this†¦show more content†¦Willy cannot see who he and his sons are because he believes they are great men who have what it takes to be successful in the business world. Unfortunately, he is mistaken as Willy and his sons are not, and cannot, be successful. As a result, Biff, a star football player in high school, feels like he can get by in life on his looks and personality. He finds out, however, that these qualities do not bring success to him as he flunks math and cannot go to college, and amounts to nothing in life. Happy is also mislead - he encourages Biff in his illusions, telling him he should be able to borrow any amount of money from Bill Oliver because Biff is so ‘well liked.’ Additionally, Happy tries to make himself well liked, especially by surrounding himself with women, but he finds himself to be very empty and lonely. Later on in the play, as Willy completes his plans for his suicide he hopes that the insurance money payable on his death will give Biff the start he needs, and also proving to his sons how ‘well-liked’ he was by picturing customers and salesmen all over New England coming to his funeral. This pleases Willy seeing that it will result in his sons respecting him. We soon, however, find out that no-one attended the funeral. â€Å"Why didn’t anyone come?† Linda’s cry has a deep effect on the audience. Miller shows us that Willy had lived by his dreams - but the wrong dreams.Show MoreRelatedThe Death Of A Salesman1496 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Today, the play The Death of a Salesman is celebrated in many theatres. The play is regarded as one of the finest dramas of American theater play. It was written in 1949 by an American playwright Arthur Miller. After the play was produced, it was first opened at the Morosco Theatre and starred Lee J Cobb as Willy Loman, Cameron Mitchell as Happy, Mildred Dunnock as Linda, Howard Smith as Charley and Arthur Kennedy as Biff. The play has been revived on Broadway four times and won manyRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman857 Words   |  4 PagesSome stories have stood the test of time. These stories are relatable are leave readers feared perplexed. Oedipus the King is the tragic story of a man whose figurative blindness at a young age lead to his literal blindness at an old age. The Death of a Salesman converts this to a modern society of a man who just wants to do good for his family but doesn t see the effect of his actions. Although 2400 years separate these stories, readers can still relate to both the same. The genre of tragedy is interpretedRead MoreDeath of a Salesman990 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss â€Å"Death of a Salesman† as a film. How could this film be more film-like? The well known late 1980’s play Death of a Salesman was beautifully crafted and opened my mind up to the reality of some people’s fantasies. When I first began to watch the play, I had immediately noticed that it was a play and not a movie. Usually in a film, there is a hero, heroine, climax, something they are fighting for, and usually (nine times out of ten) a happy, heroic ending. This movie included none, atRead MoreDeath of a Salesman606 Words   |  3 PagesWilly Loman: Victim of the American Dream Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman tells the tale of Willy Loman, a man who falls from the top of the capitalism system in a resonant crash. Being controlled by his fears of the future, and stuck in his memories of the past, Willy fully contributes to his self-victimization by putting little blame on his own mistakes. Although Willy is perceived as selfish, it is important to see that he is misguided. His character is one of a common man, he has neverRead MoreThe, Death Of A Salesman909 Words   |  4 Pagesdesire to be the breadwinners of the family, wish to achieve only success, become unemotional and might take dangerous risk to prove manhood. Many feminist novels, plays or short stories such as Frankenstein, â€Å"A Dollhouse†, â€Å"Yellow Wallpaper†, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† showcase the ill effects of gender roles. Women had to fight to have the same advantages and opportunities that men possess. Before modern times, many people would believe that a woman s place is in the home but now it is common for the modernRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman1024 Words   |  5 PagesVictoria Gutierrez Professor Gilbreath Drama 10 6 April 2015 1026 Words The Death of A Salesman San Joaquin Delta College presented Arthur Miller s Death of A Salesman on Sunday the twenty-second of March at 2 o clock in the afternoon. This play is about a young man and his father coming to terms with the past and their futures. Willy Loman, an old salesman, is dealing with both financial and health difficulties. He is put under even more pressure when his unsuccessful son, Biff, returnsRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman859 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death of a Salesman is a heart-wrenching story of a man named Willie, and his fight for economic freedom. The story takes place in 1931, and it starts off with Willie’s faint memory of his father, who was a flute maker and a salesman. Willie is a sixty three-year-old salesman who has work his entire life to achieve the common goal of the American Dream. Nevertheless, while trying to achieve economic freedom he ends up becoming trapped in the process. Willie in a lot of ways, died before his carRead MoreDeath of a Salesman915 Words   |  4 PagesDefine The American Dream. In what way does Death of a Salesman point out the hopelessness of chasing this dream? Are there any rewards? The idea of the American Dream is truly subjective. To some, it is living in the lap of luxury in all aspects. To others, it is a chance at a better brighter opportunity for themselves or their families. Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman portrays the promise of the American Dream in the form of opportunity, freedom, success and wealth; the ability to acquireRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman995 Words   |  4 PagesHope Miller’s play, The Death of a Salesman (1949) was about a family, and their struggles for the American dream. The family composition was not unlike that of an average family, a mom, a dad, and two children. Mom, Linda, tended to the house, oversaw the finances, as well as the lives of the remaining family members. Dad, Willy, supported the family as an on-the-road salesman. At first, Willy’s outbursts were confusing, but as I read the outbursts began to unfold the meanings buried in the storylineRead MoreDeath of a Salesman1187 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of a Salesman There are some who would argue that it is precisely the ultra-capitalist mentality of individuals like Willy Loman that has propelled the American Economy to global dominance, but Arthur Miller’s classic work â€Å"Death of a Salesman† begs the question: at what cost? What does it do to a person, this desperate need to â€Å"be number one man?† Each of Willy’s sons draw a different lesson from his life and their assertions about how one should live offer a compelling choice for modern

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Contextual Studies for Creative Media

Questions: Task 1: Critical Review of the Institutional Context of Creative Media Industry?Task 2: Assessment about the reaction and expectations of the audience upon the film in the period of 1980 to present time?Task 3: Research upon the reception and production of creative media products upon the movie- de souffle? Answers: Task 1: Critical Review of the Institutional Context of Creative Media Industry: The French New Wave is a cover term which was raised by critics for a specific group of filmmakers of the time period between 1950 and 1960. The filmmakers of this period were never formally prearranged yet they were connected by their self-conscious refusal of the literary epoch pieces being made in France and printed by authors along with their courage of childlike iconoclasm in which they had an extreme longing to shoot more existing social issues on position and their purpose of experimenting with the film form. This is a form of Art Cinema in Europe. Many filmmakers of this era also concentrated on making films within the framework of the social and political upheavals thereby making radical experiments with the styles in which editing and visual aids could be extensively used and they succeeded in breaking the monotony of the previous film line. The New Wave Way of filmmaking although intended to work in a documentary style, yet they took no time to set up their area and used p ortable equipments. They linked together the practical aspects of life with realism and hence the combined effects of objective realism along with subjective realism and the authorial commentary succeeded in creating an ambiguous narration which pointed that the questions that were asked in the starting of the film were not answered in the end (Humphreys, Von Pape and Karnowski, 2013). Some of the most eminent personalities of the French Wave were Francois Truffant, Jean-Luc Goddard, Eric Rohmer, Claude Chabrol and Jacques Rivette. These producers brought in revolutionary concepts that were burning in the society at the moment and by using their techniques of criticism and editorialization, they laid down the groundwork of these assignments. Several classical French works were done during this time. These films had the capacity to rebel against the existing norms in the society and at the same time they could also criticize the particular forms and present the ideas to the audience in a plausible form. They resorted to dictatorial plot lines and produced films which were called the French Classics (Newwavefilm.com, 2015). Very often, it was seen that these films were produced on extremely tight budgets. The cost of production also used to be a major concern in many a times. For instance, the film Breathless (A bout de souffl), was one which was produced using various jump-cuts and they were taken on long shots. After the production, the directors were asked to cut down the length of the film and hence the directors abruptly cut from the middle of each take and intended to make it a stylistic one but failed (Callenbach, 1988). But these directors and producers gave a new improvised look to the cinema with polished dialogues, rapid changes in scenes and shots shot beyond 180  axis. The audience used to be dumbstruck with the working of the camera and the producers intended to sway from the challenging approach of the public. They also gave a feel to the audience that none of the films are any new creation of cinema. They are simply improvised versions of the mainstream notion of our use of light and shadow. Evaluation of the film Breathless: We shall now discuss the film Breathless (d souffl) in the next paragraphs. Breathless the movie was released along with the movies 400 Blows and Alian Resnais. There were certain new trends that was introduces by this movie (Guse and Zobitz, 2010). This film was acted by non professional actors, there were naturalistic dialogues, the lighting was natural and this movie has on location shooting as well. This movie had freeze frames and jump cuts as well. This movie is spontaneous and it is full of allusion in the history of cinema. Breathless has borrowed many elements from many American gangster films and it has beautifully acknowledged it as well. At that time movies were generally made on the personal lives of the actors or on the art of making the films but his movie was the movie was the first to use this approach, i.e. reflexiveness. Something in addition that Breathless helped advance was the utilization of jump cuts. A jump cut is the point at which you take a consistent shot of something, clasp out a few casings from the center, and graft the two pieces back together. The outcome is that the activity hops ahead somewhat, similar to a proof skipping (Dornfeld, 1992). Godard and the New Wavers needed to remind crowds that they were, indeed, watching a film. The smooth, nonstop altering that was standard in filmmaking was intended to make the dream of reality, to make you accept (in any event immediately) that this is a genuine article that you are truly seeing. With hop cuts, that figment is broken, and Godard discovered another approach to conflict with customary filmmaking practices. The recording of Breathless has accumulated about it a group of legend. It was one of the key movies of the French Wave that has newly started, which dismisses the well-made customary French silver screen and grasped a rougher, more trial individual style. The film had a shocking gathering; it is safe to say the silver screen was forever changed. Youthful executives saw it and had surrendered their thoughts of the customary studio film before they exited the theater. Crowther of the Times, who was later to famously disdain its relative Bonnie and Clyde, said of Short of breath that shameful is truly a gentle word for its heap up of gross indecencies. The bounce slices to him were pictorial bedlam (Austin, 2006). Micheals death scene was the most iconic scene. The last dialogue of the movie also had some confusion as well for the English speaking viewers. There is a translation problem there, it not clear whether Micheal is accusing Patricia or the whole in general. Another American drama was made called Breathless (1983) by Jim McBride which starred Richard Gere. This was a remake of the Breathless (1960) movie. Another film reference: The bombastic creator that Patricia meetings are played by Jean-Pierre Melville, a chief whose crime movies in part motivated the New Wave. One of them, Bob le flambeur (1956), appears when its title character, Bob the Gambler, is said similar to an associate of Michel's who's presently in prison. Task 2: Assessment about the reaction and expectations of the audience upon the film in the period of 1980 to present time As in the period of 1980, the movies were formed relating to the movement in the society, as it was the reflection of the acts followed in the society of the region (Theculturetrip.com, 2015). During those times, the customer expected the production channel to make something, which is very different from other movies, but the filmmakers fails to understand the expectations of its customers and focused to derive the idea from the society itself. The directors of the film during 1980s focused upon the happenings in the society to peek over the situations arising as per the daily affairs in the society. As per reception theory, it has been stated that the perception of the audience meant to be understand by their own idea by watching out the media produced. Therefore, this are analyzed as per the experience of the audience upon the media they are watching. It leads to passing of review upon the background of the movie including the script, story, synopsis, etc. of the media. The theory is applied in the case of movies and novels. The audience when visiting to the cinema halls, the expectation rely upon the concept of the movie made as denoted by their names. The audiences expectation begins with the name of the movie itself rendering an idea about the segment of people and the characters involved in the movie while preparing the movie review for the audiences. As during that time, the budget of the movie was quite low failing to meet the expectations of the audiences (Kim, 2014). The audiences wanted to watch different concept apart from the concept of the society affairs. In addition, the perception of the audience may highlight the actions and emotions to be induced in the movies. In later 1990s, French New Wave have induced the critics for romance, actions and suspense which have supported the film industry to rise huge amount of revenue from the market bringing about a changes in the era (Baily, 2009). In the era of 2000s, the progression made in the industry of movies was quite much as compared in 1980s. Latest technologies were used in the making of the movies and therefore it has encouraged latest concept highlighting the expectations of the audiences while in the making up of the film. At this time, the research was conducted before making up the movie and use of action with the implication of latest technologies have promoted the concept of movie to a different level of standard (Teillaud, 2000). The expectations of the audiences were fulfilled at this stage and has enhance the working the new wave in the film industry. New wave highlighted the introduction of new concepts into the movies and introduced uses of technologies while introducing action into the movies during the period of 1958 to 1960s. The romantic scene has also been highlighted in the movies made in late 2000s where different scenes were shot to enhance the background of the scene (Frenz and Boyd, 1950). As per the present scene, it focuses upon the concept and ideas to meet the expectations of the audiences. The present era has been proved to be very modern therefore in order to meet there expectations the thinking of the producers and the directors must be beyond the imagination of the audiences to present something new in the market. In the present time, the rises in the competition level in the film industry have encouraged the promotion of latest movies frequently. The movies made during the present time are of high budget highlighting the different scenes in different location. In the present times, the French movies have started reaching to the Oscar. The innovation of ideas and creativity of the filmmakers have introduced the use of several technologies and ideas to be applied in the movies encouraging the attraction of audiences from the competitive market. As compared to the ancient era of movies, present era movies also contain adult scenes to carry out the scenes of romance successfully (Halle, 2006). The audiences expectation begins with the name of the movie itself rendering an idea about the segment of people and the characters involved in the movie while preparing the movie review for the audiences. As during the time of 1980 to 1990s, the budget of the movie was quite low failing to meet the expectations of the audiences. The audiences wanted to watch different concept apart from the concept of the society affairs. In addition, the perception of the audience may highlight the actions and emotions to be induced in the movies (Hayward, 2008). In later 1990s, French New Wave have induced the critics for romance, actions and suspense which have supported the film industry to rise huge amount of revenue from the market bringing about a changes in the era. Nevertheless, in the current era, the producer spent a lot in the making of the movies to meet the expectations of the audiences and highlighting the key scenes s well (Luzi, 2010). The criteria for promoting the movies as also become advanced in the present time to bring in more audiences in the theater. At this time, the research was conducted before making up the movie and use of action with the implication of latest technologies have promoted the concept of movie to a different level of standard. The expectations of the audiences were fulfilled at this stage and has enhance the working the new wave in the film industry. New wave highlighted the introduction of new concepts into the movies and introduced uses of technologies while introducing action into the movies during the period of 1958 to 1960s (Powrie, 2003). The romantic scene has also been highlighted in the movies made in late 2000s where different scenes were shot to enhance the background of the scene. Introduction of the genre of comedy have also encouraged the film industry to be highlighted by the audiences and has enhanced the profit of the film entertaining the audiences to its ultimate. Therefore, as a whole the expectations of the audiences have been met as per the making of the movies by combining certain stories and including more than one genre in the movie. Some of the movie includes the comedy, romance, suspense and action. Therefore, these type of movies are high budgeted but earns a good amount of revenue from the market as well. Task 3: Research upon the reception and production of creative media products upon the movie- de souffl The context chosen here is French New Wave that states the introduction of making up the movie based upon the novel. Therefore, it denotes the movie of A bout de souffl, which means out of breath. With the charismatic name, it attracts the audiences towards the motion of explaining the concept of crime, action and romance that the audiences during 1960 have ever imagined. Therefore, the movies highlighted the circumstances of showing explicit scenes with a pinch of romance mixed with it. The movie has used many creative media products highlighting the segment of editing the movies as per the scenes shot in different locations with numerous character playing several roles in the movie (Turner, 1983). It has also used developed advanced cameras for shooting the scenes with a unique view and angle. As the movies concept derived from the novel it has fulfilled the expectations of the audiences with the introduction of new wave in the movie highlighting each and every scene shot with creative ideas and innovation (Beattie, 2002). The script of the movie highlighted the genre- crime, romance and suspense thriller. However, the movie failed to translate the literacy of French properly as per the requirement of the scene highlighting the original French literacy, which exactly convey the meaning to be breathless instead of out of breath. The introduction of new wave highlighted the use of European art cinema in the movie showing the uses of equipment in the style of presenting the movie according to the scene (Ranieri and Bruni, 2013). The working of the movie was engaged with the political and social elements that emphasized upon the style of visual, editing of the scenes, etc. The movie was presented in documentary style along with the conservative philosophy used in the scenes of the movie (Hardwick, 2008). In 1960s, it has enabled the moviemakers to keep the expectations of the audiences in consideration in order to maintain the sustainability of the movie to gain revenue along with the investment. There were seven directors associated for the making of the movie to be put up in the theaters of French (Lynch, 1974). The movie as to meet with the expectation of the audiences as a whole but it has average review from the side of the audiences bringing along the idea of Nouvelle Vague. The storyboard of the movie highlighted the story of a criminal who has stolen a car. In order to escape from this crime, the actor (Jean-Paul Belmondo) kills a police officer. After the scene, the actor tries to flee away from the city by collecting the sufficient amount of money required to be settle in some other contr. The actor convinces is Paris Girlfriend to come with him, but being a Paris Intellectual she declines to go with him (Retraction, 2014). O sooner when the actor gathers sufficient amount of money to leave the country, his girlfriend betrayed him and hands him over to the police. The actor being in the criminal record tries to escape from the situation is shot. The plotting of the movie was quite simple and narrated conventional style of movie. The story of the movie was developed with coherent fashion included in most of the scenes. It used the reference of American aspects in the cinema and brought about the use of new wave in the movie (Cope, 2007). The use of new wave highlighted the use of European art cinema in the movie showing the uses of equipment in the style of presenting the movie according to the scene. The working of the movie was engaged with the political and social elements that emphasized upon the style of visual, editing of the scenes, etc. The movie was presented in documentary style along with the conservative philosophy used in the scenes of the movie (Marie, 2003). The creative materials used in the pre production process were the shots relating to the segment of cameras and miscellaneous instruments for recording of the sounds and adding effect in the movie. There were many shots highlighting the reference form the other movies showing the scene of expressions and tracking shot as well like the traffic jam, people walking round the scene adding affect in the situation of the scene shot (Scollen, 2012). The use of the new wave in most of the movies highlighted les budget and emphasized upon the cutting down of the cost by bringing in friends and relative as crew members. At this point of time, the directors of the movie were forced to use standard instruments in the shooting of the movie (Gavin et al., 2012). Using shopping cart in place of plastic bag for shopping for shooting tracking scene in the movie improving the standard of the movie as well is one of the examples plotted here for explanation of the reader. The scenes in the movie highlighted the combination of American movie style referring to the use of New wave in the making of the movie introducing the French society with classic romance with crime and suspense thriller. References Austin, G. (2006). Body comedy and French cinema: notes on Les Visiteurs.Studies in French Cinema, 6(1), pp.43-52. Baily, J. (2009). The Art of the Fieldwork Movie: 35 Years of Making Ethnomusicological Films.Ethnomusicology Forum, 18(1), pp.55-64. Beattie, R. (2002).Digital movie making. New York: Dorling Kindersley. Callenbach, E. (1988). : Thinking in Pictures: The Making of the Movie "Matewan" . John Sayles.Film Quarterly, 42(1), pp.61-62. Cope, P. (2007).Digital home movie making. Blacklick, OH: McGraw-Hill. Dornfeld, B. (1992). Representation and Authority in Ethnographic Film/Video: Reception.Ethnomusicology, 36(1), p.95. Frenz, H. and Boyd, A. (1950). The Interchange of Plays between London and New York, 1910-1939: A Study in Relative Audience Response.American Literature, 22(1), p.89. Gavin, M., Morse, D., Partridge, A., Levy, B. and Loscalzo, J. (2012). Breathless.New England Journal of Medicine, 366(1), pp.75-81. Guse, D. and Zobitz, P. (2010). Validation of the audience response system.British Journal of Educational Technology, 42(6), pp.985-991. Halle, R. (2006). German film, European film: transnational production, distribution and reception.Screen, 47(2), pp.251-259. Hardwick, J. (2008). The vague nouvelle and the Nouvelle Vague: The Critical Construction of le jeune cinma franais.Modern Contemporary France, 16(1), pp.51-65. Hayward, S. (2008). Reviewing quality cinema: French costume drama of the 1950s.Studies in French Cinema, 8(3), pp.229-244. Humphreys, L., Von Pape, T. and Karnowski, V. (2013). Evolving Mobile Media: Uses and Conceptualizations of the Mobile Internet.J Comput-Mediat Comm, 18(4), pp.491-507. Kim, S. (2014). Interactive Movie Making to Use Appropriation of Gaming Elements.techart, 1(4), p.1. Luzi, E. (2010).The French New Wave: A Cinematic Revolution. [online] The Black and Blue. Available at: https://www.theblackandblue.com/2010/03/29/the-french-new-wave-a-cinematic-revolution/ [Accessed 2 Jun. 2015]. Lynch, F. (1974). Clozentropy: A new technique for analyzing audience response to film.Speech Monographs, 41(3), pp.245-252. Marie, M. (2003). A Nouvelle Vague.Significao: Revista de Cultura Audiovisual, 30(19), p.165. Newwavefilm.com, (2015).FRENCH NEW WAVE HISTORY. [online] Available at: https://www.newwavefilm.com/about/history-of-french-new-wave.shtml [Accessed 2 Jun. 2015]. Powrie, P. (2003). Thirty years of doctoral theses on French cinema.Studies in French Cinema, 3(3), pp.199-203. Ranieri, M. and Bruni, I. (2013). Empowering Creativity in Young People Through Mobile Learning:.International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 5(3), pp.17-33. Retraction. (2014).Studies in French Cinema, 14(2), pp.156-156. Scollen, R. (2012). Olivia Has Lost Her Voice!: An Audience Reception Study of Children's Response to New Australian Play Spirits in Bare Feet.Youth Theatre Journal, 26(2), pp.158-172. Teillaud, J. (2000). Anticorps monoclonaux: la nouvelle vague.Biofutur, 2000(197), p.10. Theculturetrip.com, (2015).The French New Wave: Revolutionising Cinema. [online] Available at: https://theculturetrip.com/europe/france/articles/the-french-new-wave-revolutionising-cinema/ [Accessed 2 Jun. 2015]. Turner, D. (1983). Breathless: Mirror Stage of the Nouvelle Vague.SubStance, 12(4), p.50.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Marie de Frances Lanval

Marie de France wrote this wonderful piece of literature in the late 12th century. The author is considered one of the earliest French woman poets but she was probably active in England. This trivia provides an insight as to why she wrote about her hero as someone who is an outsider because Marie de France was naturally an outsider, being a French writer in England.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marie de France’s Lanval specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The genre is lai which is a â€Å"poetic and musical form popular among the poets of Northern France; these are long poems with rhymed stanzas of 6 to 16 lines and 4 to 8 syllables (Fajardo-Acosta, 2000, p.1). However, the lais of Marie de France are twelve verse narratives dedicated to a noble king, probably Henry II (Fajardo-Acost, 2000, p.1). Lanval is well known not only account of the lyrical beauty of this particular piece of literature but also bec ause it talks about love, loyalty and generosity, themes that will be discussed in this study. Love Love is a prominent theme in this lai for it speaks about the noble deeds, the triumphs and trials of Lanval. The author paints different images to illustrate different types of love. The love of a knight to his king was the first image that leaps out of the verses from the poet’s pen. The love of a soldier is seen in the way he fights for king and country. Lanval participates in battles to defeat the â€Å"Picts† and the â€Å"Scots† (France, 2005, p.1). His love shines through even brighter as the author reveals that he is foreign born and that Lanval is no ordinary knight. He is the son of a king but his father is not the one he currently serves. The type of love mentioned earlier is between two men, however, this is merely the beginning. Lanval’s love is yet to shine even brighter the moment he laid eyes on his lover. After a moment of depression and a struggle against injustice as the noble night fails to receive his just reward, fate smiles on him as he encounters the most beautiful woman he had ever seen. He falls in love in an instant and this is how the author describes the feeling: â€Å"Love pricks him, strikes in him the spark. Now his heart blazes in the dark† (France, 2005, p.4). He drinks his fill of love under her beautiful tent. He does not know how to stop.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Love is like an inferno in his heart and he cannot be happy unless he is with her. Since his lover is some kind of an enchanted being she can appear out of nowhere and be with him but he is not satisfied. He is in a state of unhappiness when the dark side of human love is presented by the author. The Queen lusts after the hero. It is a love perverted because it only takes away and forces itself, unlike the mutual shari ng that Lanval feels whenever he is with his lover. Loyalty Lanval’s loyalty shines like the morning sun. He fights for a king that ignores him. He is steadfast when everyone around him has shown nothing but an unreliable heart. When the test came he remains a loyal soldier and he did not rebel but simply said â€Å"A stranger in a strange land, is sad, when no helps at hand† (France, 2005, p.2). But the true measure of his loyalty is yet to come. Seduction is the Queen’s main tool to capture the heart of an unwilling partner. She is powerful and most probably an attractive woman. The author shows through a clear description of the strategy employed that Lanval could have chosen to be a traitor for the king for he can transgress and no one can discover his dastardly act. Nevertheless, his loyalty breaks through the deception and he tells the seductress, â€Å"Would I ever act against my King?† (France, 2005, p.8). His reply only increases her lust for him .. The Queen persisted using all the strategies and the manipulative skills at her disposal. There is tremendous pressure for him to cave in but he did not. Thus, the Queen lets go of her final salvo and she said that Lanval’s manhood is questionable. It is a trap and it is easy for him to give in knowing that the taunts would end but it his loyalty to his lover that saves him. He says to the seductress one more time â€Å"But I do love, I alone love a lady who’d win the prize† (France, 2005 p.9). In anger he clarifies that the compliment is not meant for the Queen.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marie de France’s Lanval specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generosity Generosity is another major theme of France’s lai, the author manages to present different levels of generosity. The first level of generosity is demonstrated by King Arthur and through this verse one can see how he rewards his loyal soldiers: â€Å"Women and land he shared out with generous hand† (France, 2005, p.1). The image of an open hand is a mark of generosity but the king’s generosity is limited for it simply reciprocates what others have done for him. The second level of generosity is seen through the actions of Lanval. He gives gifts without a thought of a reciprocal action. Lanval directs his gifts not only to his friends but to total strangers. The author paints a clear picture as to the extent of Lanvals generosity â€Å"Lanval ransomed all the prisoners; Lanval dressed all jugglers and jongleurs† (France, 2005, p.6). These are people of no significance. In other words by giving them money Lanval cannot hope to regain it through favors and other financial means of repayment. The highest form of generosity however came from Lanval’s lover. The money he uses to shower his friends did not come from his pocket – the unlimited source of income flows fr om the treasury of his lover. But her generous heart is in full display when she liberates Lanval from the clutches of an evil Queen. Her generosity is rooted in his deep love for Lanval and it enable her to be bold and say â€Å"Arthur, now listen to me!† (France, 2005, p.16). These are words not fit to say to a mighty King of Breton. But it is the highest form of generosity that empowers her, for this time she did not shower Lanval with gifts of gold but the gift of life. Conclusion The themes of love, loyalty and generosity are very much evident in this story told in lyrical poetry. Love can be seen in different levels. The same thing can be said about generosity and loyalty. The author succeeds in presenting these themes through the use of rich imagery and beautiful language.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The author did not simply tell a story but she describes it using related images. The themes of love, generosity, and loyalty came to life through the lives of powerful characters like Lanval, the King, the Queen, and of course Lanval’s lover. Works Cited Fajardo-Acosta, Fidel. Marie de France. Creighton University, 2000. Web. France, Marie de. Lanval. Trans. Judith Shoaf. 2005. Web. This essay on Marie de France’s Lanval was written and submitted by user Jerry Moore to help you with your own studies. 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